{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]],"date-time":"2026-04-09T21:10:08Z","timestamp":1775769008571,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":74,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"9","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["ajvr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Objective<\/jats:bold>\n                    \u2014To determine concentrations of proglycogen (PG), macroglycogen (MG), glucose, and glucose-6-phosphate (G-6-P) in skeletal muscle of horses with polysaccharide storage myopathy (PSSM) before and after performing light submaximal exercise.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Animals<\/jats:bold>\n                    \u20146 horses with PSSM and 4 control horses.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Procedures<\/jats:bold>\n                    \u2014Horses with PSSM completed repeated intervals of 2 minutes of walking followed by 2 minutes of trotting on a treadmill until muscle cramping developed. Four untrained control horses performed a similar exercise test for up to 20 minutes. Serum creatine kinase (CK) activity was measured before and 4 hours after exercise. Concentrations of total glycogen (G\n                    <jats:sub>t<\/jats:sub>\n                    ), PG, MG, G-6-P, free glucose, and lactate were measured in biopsy specimens of gluteal muscle obtained before and after exercise.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>\n                    \u2014Mean serum CK activity was 26 times higher in PSSM horses than in control horses after exercise. Before exercise, muscle glycogen concentrations were 1.5, 2.2, and 1.7 times higher for PG, MG, and G\n                    <jats:sub>t<\/jats:sub>\n                    , respectively, in PSSM horses, compared with concentrations in control horses. No significant changes in G\n                    <jats:sub>t<\/jats:sub>\n                    , PG, MG, G-6-P, and lactate concentrations were detected after exercise. However, free glucose concentrations in skeletal muscle increased significantly in PSSM horses after exercise.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Conclusions and Clinical Relevance<\/jats:bold>\n                    \u2014Analysis of the results suggests that glucose uptake in skeletal muscle is augmented in horses with PSSM after light exercise. There is excessive storage of PG and MG in horses with PSSM, and high concentrations of the 2 glycogen fractions may affect functional interactions between glycogenolytic and glycogen synthetic enzymes and glycosomes.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.67.9.1589","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,9,1]],"date-time":"2006-09-01T09:56:18Z","timestamp":1157104578000},"page":"1589-1594","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Proglycogen, macroglycogen, glucose, and glucose-6-phosphate concentrations in skeletal muscles of horses with polysaccharide storage myopathy performing light exercise"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"67","author":[{"given":"Johan T.","family":"Br\u00f6jer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Birgitta","family":"Ess\u00e9n-Gustavsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Erin J.","family":"Annandale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stephanie J.","family":"Valberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"key":"ref1","series-title":"Neuromuscul Disord","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1016\/S0960-8966(06)80006-4","article-title":"Polysaccharide storage myopathy associated with exertional rhabdomyolysis in the horse","volume":"2","author":"Valberg","year":"1992"},{"key":"ref2","series-title":"Am J Vet Res","first-page":"286","article-title":"Familial basis of exertional rhabdomyolysis in Quarter Horse-related breeds","volume":"57","author":"Valberg","year":"1996"},{"key":"ref3","series-title":"Can J Appl Physiol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1139\/h02-012","article-title":"New perspectives on the storage and organization of muscle 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Physiol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1139\/h02-012","article-title":"New perspectives on the storage and organization of muscle glycogen","volume":"27","author":"Shearer","year":"2002"},{"key":"ref4","series-title":"J Biol Chem","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15315","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.270.25.15315","article-title":"Catalytic activities of glycogenin additional to autocatalytic self-glucosylation","volume":"270","author":"Alonso","year":"1995"},{"key":"ref5","series-title":"FEBS Lett","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-5793(91)80154-U","article-title":"Proglycogen: a low-molecular-weight form of muscle glycogen","volume":"279","author":"Lomako","year":"1991"},{"key":"ref6","series-title":"Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab","first-page":"291","article-title":"Dietary carbohydrate and postexercise synthesis of proglycogen and macroglycogen in human skeletal muscle","volume":"169","author":"Adamo","year":"1998"},{"key":"ref7","series-title":"J Appl Physiol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"873","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.2001.90.3.873","article-title":"Pro- and macroglycogenolysis: relationship with exercise intensity and duration","volume":"90","author":"Graham","year":"2001"},{"key":"ref8","series-title":"J Appl Physiol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"880","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.2001.90.3.880","article-title":"Pro- and macroglycogenolysis during repeated exercise: roles of glycogen content and phosphorylase activation","volume":"90","author":"Shearer","year":"2001"},{"key":"ref9","series-title":"Equine Vet J Suppl","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-3306.2002.tb05419.x","article-title":"Pro- and macroglycogenolysis in skeletal muscle during maximal treadmill exercise","volume":"34","author":"Br\u00f6jer","year":"2002"},{"key":"ref10","series-title":"Equine Vet J 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