{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]],"date-time":"2026-04-20T16:22:35Z","timestamp":1776702155717,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"12","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["ajvr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Objective<\/jats:bold>\u2014To evaluate mediolateral radiographic views of stifle joints to identify conforma-tional differences between athletically sound dogs and dogs with cranial cruciate ligament disease (CCLD).<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Sample Population<\/jats:bold>\u2014Radiographic images of 50 stifle joints of 43 dogs with surgically confirmed CCLD and 50 stifle joints of 38 dogs without clinical signs of stifle joint disease.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Procedures<\/jats:bold>\u2014Mediolateral radiographic views of stifle joints were obtained, and long axes of the femur, tibia, and femoral condyles were measured. Angles between long axes of the femur and femoral condyle and between long axes of the femur and tibia were measured. Circles were drawn representing the joint surface of femoral condyles (circle 1), area of contact on the tibial plateau (circle 2), and femoral trochlea (circle 3). Radii of circles 1, 2 (line F), and 3 were measured. Distances between midpoints of circles 1 and 2 (line K) and between midpoint of circle 2 and most cranial aspect of the tibial tuberosity (line G) were measured. To evaluate differences in conformation that could lead to CCLD, quotients derived from measurements were created for comparison; angles were compared between dog groups.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>\u2014Significant differences were found in the quotients created by the lengths of lines G and F and lines G and K between dogs with and without CCLD.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions and Clinical Relevance<\/jats:bold>\u2014No anatomic differences were detected in the distal portion of the femur between dogs with and without CCLD. Development of the tibial tuberosity and shape (convexity) of tibial condyles may be relevant in the pathogenesis of CCLD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.68.12.1332","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,12,1]],"date-time":"2007-12-01T14:16:45Z","timestamp":1196518605000},"page":"1332-1337","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Effect of conformation of the distal portion of the femur and proximal portion of the tibia on the pathogenesis of cranial cruciate ligament disease in dogs"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"68","author":[{"given":"Tom\u00e1s G.","family":"Guerrero","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hans","family":"Geyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"H\u00e4ssig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pierre M.","family":"Montavon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"key":"ref1","series-title":"Textbook of small animal surgery","first-page":"2090","article-title":"Stifle joint","author":"Vasseur","year":"2003"},{"key":"ref2","series-title":"Am J Vet Res","first-page":"1842","article-title":"Correlative biomechanical and histologic study of the cranial cruciate ligament in dogs","volume":"46","author":"Vasseur","year":"1985"},{"key":"ref3","series-title":"Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol","first-page":"122","article-title":"Cranial cruciate disease: current status of diagnosis, surgery, and risk for disease","volume":"163","author":"Lampman","year":"2003"},{"key":"ref4","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"1016","article-title":"Epidemiology of cranial cruciate ligament rupture in dogs","volume":"203","author":"Withehair","year":"1993"},{"key":"ref5","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"811","article-title":"Breed, sex and body-weight as risk factors for rupture of the cranial cruciate ligament in young dogs","volume":"215","author":"Duval","year":"1999"},{"key":"ref6","series-title":"Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0038-1632443","article-title":"Intercondylar notch widths in dogs with and without cranial cruciate ligament injuries","volume":"8","author":"Aiken","year":"1995"},{"key":"ref7","series-title":"J Small Anim Pract","first-page":"390","article-title":"Rupture of the cranial cruciate ligament associated with deformity of the proximal tibia in five dogs","volume":"42","author":"Selmi","year":"1995"},{"key":"ref8","series-title":"J Small Anim Pract","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-5827.2002.tb00009.x","article-title":"Caudal proximal tibial deformity and cranial cruciate ligament rupture in small-breed dogs","volume":"43","author":"Macias","year":"2002"},{"key":"ref9","series-title":"Vet Rec","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.111.13.295","article-title":"Deformity of the proximal tibia in dogs","volume":"111","author":"Read","year":"1982"},{"key":"ref10","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.2001.218.363","article-title":"Comparison of tibial plateau angles in dogs with and without cranial cruciate ligament injuries","volume":"218","author":"Morris","year":"2001"},{"key":"ref11","series-title":"J Am Anim Hosp Assoc","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.5326\/0410117","article-title":"Relationship between age and tibial plateau angle in dogs with cranial cruciate rupture","volume":"41","author":"Zeltzman","year":"2005"},{"key":"ref12","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1426","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.2002.221.1426","article-title":"Comparison of tibial plateau angle between clinically normal Greyhounds and Labrador Retrievers with and without rupture of the cranial cruciate ligament","volume":"221","author":"Wilke","year":"2002"},{"key":"ref13","series-title":"Vet Surg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1053\/jvet.2003.50047","article-title":"Comparison of tibial plateau angles in normal and cranial cruciate deficient stifles of labrador retrievers","volume":"32","author":"Reif","year":"2003"},{"key":"ref14","series-title":"Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0038-1632817","article-title":"Tibial plateau angles with and without cranial cruciate ligament rupture\u2014comparison between different dog populations and a wolf population","volume":"17","author":"Venzin","year":"2004"},{"key":"ref15","series-title":"Am J Vet Res","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1849","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.67.11.1849","article-title":"Inclination of the patellar ligament in relation to flexion angle in stifle joints of dogs without degenerative joint disease","volume":"67","author":"Dennler","year":"2006"},{"key":"ref16","series-title":"Am J Vet Res","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1855","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.67.11.1855","article-title":"Angle between the patellar ligament and tibial plateau in dogs with partial rupture of the cranial cruciate ligament","volume":"67","author":"Schwandt","year":"2006"},{"key":"ref17","series-title":"1st World Orthop Vet Congr ESVOT-VOS","first-page":"189","article-title":"Biomechanics of the stifle joint, in Proceedings","author":"Tepic","year":"2002"},{"key":"ref18","series-title":"Acta Orthop Scand","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.3109\/17453679308993695","article-title":"Effect of femoral condyle configuration on disability after an anterior cruciate ligament rupture. 100 patients followed for 5 years","volume":"64","author":"Friden","year":"1993"},{"key":"ref19","series-title":"Arch Orthop Trauma Surg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00571483","article-title":"Relationship between the pivot shift and the configuration of the lateral tibial plateau","volume":"111","author":"Kujula","year":"1992"},{"key":"ref20","series-title":"Textbook of small animal surgery","first-page":"2059","article-title":"Fractures of the femur","author":"Simpson","year":"2003"},{"key":"ref21","series-title":"Compend Contin Educ Pract Vet","first-page":"381","article-title":"Rupture of the cranial cruciate ligament in dogs. Diagnosis and management","volume":"18","author":"Moore","year":"1996"},{"key":"ref22","series-title":"Acta Orthop Scand Suppl","first-page":"1","article-title":"Mechanics of the knee: a study of joint and muscle load with clinical applications","volume":"216","author":"Nissel","year":"1985"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Veterinary Research"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/view\/journals\/ajvr\/68\/12\/ajvr.68.12.1332.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/ajvr\/68\/12\/ajvr.68.12.1332.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/ajvr\/68\/12\/ajvr.68.12.1332.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,7]],"date-time":"2025-03-07T12:17:43Z","timestamp":1741349863000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/view\/journals\/ajvr\/68\/12\/ajvr.68.12.1332.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2007,12]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2460\/ajvr.68.12.1332","relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-9645"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0002-9645","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2007,12]]}}}