{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T03:34:31Z","timestamp":1792553671572,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["ajvr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Objective<\/jats:bold>\u2014To assess the clinical, biochemical, and histologic effects of intra-articular administration of autologous conditioned serum (ACS) in the treatment of experimentally induced osteoarthritis in horses.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Animals<\/jats:bold>\u201416 horses.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Procedures<\/jats:bold>\u2014Osteoarthritis was induced arthroscopically in 1 middle carpal joint of all horses. In 8 placebo- and 8 ACS-treated horses, 6 mL of PBS solution or 6 mL of ACS was injected into the osteoarthritis-affected joint on days 14, 21, 28, and 35, respectively; PBS solution was administered in the other sham-operated joints. Evaluations included clinical assessment of lameness and synovial fluid analysis (performed biweekly); gross pathologic and histologic examinations of cartilage and synovial membrane samples were performed at necropsy.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>\u2014No adverse treatment-related events were detected. Horses that were treated with ACS had significant clinical improvement in lameness, unlike the placebo-treated horses. Among the osteoarthritis-affected joints, ACS treatment significantly decreased synovial membrane hyperplasia, compared with placebo-treated joints; although not significant, the ACS-treated joints also appeared to have less gross cartilage fibrillation and synovial membrane hemorrhage. The synovial fluid concentration of interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (assessed by use of mouse anti\u2013interleukin-1 receptor antagonist antibody) was increased following treatment with ACS.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions and Clinical Relevance<\/jats:bold>\u2014Results of this controlled study indicated that there was significant clinical and histologic improvement in osteoarthritis-affected joints of horses following treatment with ACS, compared with placebo treatment. On the basis of these findings, further controlled clinical trials to assess this treatment are warranted, and investigation of the mechanisms of action of ACS should be pursued concurrently.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.68.3.290","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,2]],"date-time":"2007-03-02T02:24:15Z","timestamp":1172802255000},"page":"290-296","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":236,"title":["Clinical, biochemical, and histologic effects of intra-articular administration of autologous conditioned serum in horses with experimentally induced osteoarthritis"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"68","author":[{"given":"David D.","family":"Frisbie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher E.","family":"Kawcak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natasha M.","family":"Werpy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard D.","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C. Wayne","family":"McIlwraith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"key":"ref1","series-title":"Part I: baseline reference of 1998 equine health and management","year":"1998"},{"key":"ref2","series-title":"Vet Rec","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.116.3.66","article-title":"Epidemiological study of wastage among racehorses 1982 and 1983","volume":"116","author":"Rossdale","year":"1985"},{"key":"ref3","series-title":"Compend Contin Educ Pract Vet","first-page":"980","article-title":"Pathophysiology of synovitis: clinical signs and examination in horses","volume":"12","author":"Todhunter","year":"1990"},{"key":"ref4","series-title":"Lameness and laminitis in US Horses","year":"2000"},{"key":"ref5","series-title":"Gene Ther","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.gt.3301608","article-title":"Treatment of experimental equine osteoarthritis by in vivo delivery of the equine interleukin-1 receptor antagonist gene","volume":"9","author":"Frisbie","year":"2002"},{"key":"ref6","series-title":"Joint disease in the horse","first-page":"40","article-title":"General pathobiology of the joint and response to injury","author":"McIlwraith","year":"1996"},{"key":"ref7","series-title":"42nd Annu Conv Am Assoc Equine Pract","first-page":"101","article-title":"Intra-articular and systemic medications for the treatment of equine joint disease","author":"McIlwraith","year":"1996"},{"key":"ref8","series-title":"Vet Surg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-950X.1994.tb00497.x","article-title":"Effect of beta-methasone and exercise on equine carpal joints with osteochondral fragments","volume":"23","author":"Foland","year":"1994"},{"key":"ref9","series-title":"Am J Vet Res","first-page":"1619","article-title":"Effects of 6 A-methylprednisolone acetate on an equine osteochondral fragment exercise model","volume":"59","author":"Frisbie","year":"1998"},{"key":"ref10","series-title":"50th Annu Conv Am Assoc Equine Pract","first-page":"261","article-title":"Evaluation of extracorporeal shock wave therapy for osteoarthritis","author":"Frisbie","year":"2004"},{"key":"ref11","series-title":"Equine Vet J","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-3306.1997.tb03138.x","article-title":"Effects of triamcinolone acetonide on an in vivo equine osteochondral fragment exercise model","volume":"29","author":"Frisbie","year":"1997"},{"key":"ref12","series-title":"Am J Vet Res","first-page":"1132","article-title":"Effects of intravenous administration of sodium hyaluronate on carpal joints in exercising horses after arthroscopic surgery and osteochondral fragmentation","volume":"58","author":"Kawcak","year":"1997"},{"key":"ref13","series-title":"Inflamm Res","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1007\/s00011-003-1197-1","article-title":"The production of anti-inflammatory cytokines in whole blood by physico-chemical induction","volume":"52","author":"Meijer","year":"2003"},{"key":"ref14","series-title":"Int J Sports Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"588","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2004-821304","article-title":"Treatment of muscle injuries by local administration of autologous conditioned serum: a pilot study on sportsmen with muscle strains","volume":"25","author":"Wright-Carpenter","year":"2004"},{"key":"ref15","series-title":"Arthritis Rheum","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"781","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780360607","article-title":"Levels of synovial fluid interleukin-1 receptor antagonist in rheumatoid arthritis and other arthropathies. Potential contribution from synovial fluid neutrophils","volume":"36","author":"Malyak","year":"1993"},{"key":"ref16","series-title":"Rev Rhum Ed Fr","first-page":"109S","article-title":"Importance of interleukin-I receptors in osteoarthritis","volume":"61","author":"Martel Pelletier","year":"1994"},{"key":"ref17","series-title":"Arthritis Rheum","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2648","DOI":"10.1002\/1529-0131(200012)43:12<2648::AID-ANR4>3.0.CO;2-M","article-title":"Combination benefit of treatment with the cytokine inhibitors interleukin-1 receptor antagonist and PEGylated soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor type I in animal models of rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"43","author":"Bendele","year":"2000"},{"key":"ref18","series-title":"Arthritis Rheum","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2196","DOI":"10.1002\/1529-0131(199812)41:12<2196::AID-ART15>3.0.CO;2-2","article-title":"Treatment of rheumatoid arthritis with recombinant human interleukin-1 receptor antagonist","volume":"41","author":"Bresnihan","year":"1998"},{"key":"ref19","series-title":"Arthritis and allied conditions: a textbook of rheumatology","year":"2005"},{"key":"ref20","series-title":"Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2005.07.001","article-title":"Future directions in treatment of joint disease in horses","volume":"21","author":"Frisbie","year":"2005"},{"key":"ref21","series-title":"Ann Rheum Dis","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.46.5.375","article-title":"Spectrophotometric measurement of proteoglycans in osteoarthritic synovial fluid","volume":"46","author":"Carroll","year":"1987"},{"key":"ref22","series-title":"Arthritis Rheum","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1535","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780390914","article-title":"Chondroprotective effect of intraarticular injections of interleukin-1 receptor antagonist in experimental osteoarthritis. Suppression of collagenase-1 expression","volume":"39","author":"Caron","year":"1996"},{"key":"ref23","series-title":"Arthritis Rheum","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1012","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780400604","article-title":"In vivo suppression of early experimental osteoarthritis by interleukin-1 receptor antagonist using gene therapy","volume":"40","author":"Pelletier","year":"1997"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Veterinary Research"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/view\/journals\/ajvr\/68\/3\/ajvr.68.3.290.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/ajvr\/68\/3\/ajvr.68.3.290.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/ajvr\/68\/3\/ajvr.68.3.290.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,7]],"date-time":"2025-03-07T12:17:54Z","timestamp":1741349874000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/view\/journals\/ajvr\/68\/3\/ajvr.68.3.290.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2007,3]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2460\/ajvr.68.3.290","relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-9645"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0002-9645","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2007,3]]}}}