{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,8]],"date-time":"2025-03-08T05:22:47Z","timestamp":1741411367464,"version":"3.38.0"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["ajvr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,4]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\nObjective<\/jats:bold>\u2014To investigate the antitumor effect of the chicken anemia virus (CAV) VP3<\/jats:italic> gene in canine mammary tumor (CMT) cells.<\/jats:p>\nSample Populations<\/jats:bold>\u2014Established primary canine cell lines that originated from epithelial cells of resected CMTs and nonneoplastic mammary gland epithelial (MGE) cells.<\/jats:p>\nProcedures<\/jats:bold>\u2014Expression vectors and lentiviral vectors encoding the VP3<\/jats:italic> gene from a Taiwan-Ilan isolate of CAV were used to deliver the VP3<\/jats:italic> gene into CMT cells and nonneoplastic MGE cells. Ectopic gene expression and the pro-apoptotic effect of the VP3<\/jats:italic> gene on CMT and nonneoplastic MGE cells by either transfection or viral infection were evaluated via immunofluorescence microscopy, western blot analysis, and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase\u2013mediated dUTP nick-end labeling analysis.<\/jats:p>\nResults<\/jats:bold>\u2014Overexpression of the enhanced green fluorescent protein\u2013VP3 fusion protein was detected predominantly in the nuclei of CMT cells. In contrast, the VP3 protein was localized to the cytoplasm of nonneoplastic MGE cells. Among the fusion protein\u2013expressing CMT cells, most underwent characteristic changes of apoptosis, whereas apoptosis was not detected in fusion protein\u2013expressing, nonneoplastic MGE cells. Induction of apoptosis by VP3<\/jats:italic> gene overexpression in CMT cells was associated with the caspase-9\u2013, but not the caspase-8\u2013, mediated apoptosis pathway.<\/jats:p>\nConclusions and Clinical Relevance<\/jats:bold>\u2014These data indicate that the VP3<\/jats:italic> gene of the CAV induces apoptosis in malignant CMT cells, but not in nonneoplastic canine MGE cells. On the basis of such tumor cell\u2013specific killing, the VP3<\/jats:italic> gene may be a promising agent for the treatment of malignant mammary gland tumors in dogs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.68.4.411","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,4,1]],"date-time":"2007-04-01T13:34:44Z","timestamp":1175434484000},"page":"411-422","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Effect of the VP3 gene of chicken anemia virus on canine mammary tumor cells"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"68","author":[{"given":"Jih-Jong","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Poshen 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