{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T19:15:36Z","timestamp":1782933336512,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":11,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["ajvr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Objective<\/jats:bold>\u2014To determine whether frontal-sinus size is associated with syringohydromyelia.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Sample Population<\/jats:bold>\u2014Medical records and magnetic resonance images of 62 small-breed dogs.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Procedures<\/jats:bold>\u2014Medical records and magnetic resonance images were reviewed retrospectively for evaluation of frontal-sinus size and syringohydromyelia. A Yates-corrected 2-tailed \u03c7<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> test was used to determine whether an association existed between absent or miniscule frontal sinuses and syringohydromyelia. The strength of the association was evaluated by means of prevalence and odds ratios.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>\u2014Absent or miniscule air-filled frontal sinuses were detected in 28 of 62 (45%) dogs, and syringohydromyelia was detected in 12 of 62 (19%) dogs. Syringohydromyelia was detected in 10 of 28 dogs with absent or miniscule frontal sinuses (prevalence, 36%; 95% confidence interval, 16% to 55%) and in 2 of 34 dogs with larger frontal sinuses (prevalence, 6%; confidence interval, 0% to 15%). The probability of detecting syringohy-dromyelia in dogs with absent or miniscule air-filled frontal sinuses was significantly greater than the probability of detecting it in dogs with larger frontal sinuses. The prevalence ratio was 6.1, and the odds ratio was 8.9.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions and Clinical Relevance<\/jats:bold>\u2014An association between frontal-sinus size and syringohydromyelia was identified in small-breed dogs, suggesting that the pathogenesis of syringohydromyelia in some instances may involve abnormal development of the entire or supratentorial part of the cranium, as opposed to being limited to the infratentorial part.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.68.6.610","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,6,1]],"date-time":"2007-06-01T13:49:03Z","timestamp":1180705743000},"page":"610-613","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Association between frontal-sinus size and syringohydromyelia in small-breed dogs"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"68","author":[{"given":"Peter V.","family":"Scrivani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Margret S.","family":"Thompson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kevin R.","family":"Winegardner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Curtis W.","family":"Dewey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Janet M.","family":"Scarlett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"key":"ref1","series-title":"J Am Anim Hosp Assoc","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.5326\/15473317-36-1-34","article-title":"Syringohydromyelia in Cavalier King Charles spaniels","volume":"36","author":"Rusbridge","year":"2000"},{"key":"ref2","series-title":"Compendium","first-page":"886","article-title":"Caudal occipital malformation syndrome in dogs","author":"Dewey","year":"2004"},{"key":"ref3","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"1270","article-title":"Foramen magnum decompression for treatment of caudal occipital malformation syndrome in dogs","volume":"22","author":"Dewey","year":"2005"},{"key":"ref4","series-title":"Vet Radiol Ultrasound","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1740-8261.1997.tb01599.x","article-title":"Hydromyelia in the dog","volume":"38","author":"Kirberger","year":"1997"},{"key":"ref5","series-title":"Aust Vet J","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-0813.2000.tb10530.x","article-title":"Chiari 1\/syringomyelia complex in a King Charles Spaniel","volume":"78","author":"Churcher","year":"2000"},{"key":"ref6","series-title":"J Vet Intern Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2004.tb02605.x","article-title":"Inheritance of occipital bone hypoplasia (Chiari type I malformation) in Cavalier King Charles Spaniels","volume":"18","author":"Rusbridge","year":"2004"},{"key":"ref7","series-title":"Vet Rec","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.153.4.107","article-title":"Hereditary aspects of occipital bone hypoplasia and syringomyelia (Chiari type I malformation) in cavalier King Charles spaniels","volume":"153","author":"Rusbridge","year":"2003"},{"key":"ref8","series-title":"J Vet Intern Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2006.tb02884.x","article-title":"Syringomyelia: current concepts in pathogensis, diagnosis, and treatment","volume":"20","author":"Rusbridge","year":"2006"},{"key":"ref9","series-title":"Vet Rec","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.153.9.260","article-title":"Neurological signs and results of magnetic resonance imaging in 40 cavalier King Charles spaniels with Chiari type 1-like malformations","volume":"153","author":"Lu","year":"2003"},{"key":"ref10","series-title":"2005 Am Coll Vet Radiol Annu Sci Conf","article-title":"Chiari 1 like malformation prevalence, breed distribution and concomitant neurologic disease on MRI in canines from 2002\u20132005 at a private practice imaging center, in Proceedings","author":"Siedlecki","year":"2005"},{"key":"ref11","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1061","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.2004.225.1061","article-title":"Cervical syringohydromyelia secondary to a brainstem tumor in a dog","volume":"225","author":"da Costa","year":"2004"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Veterinary 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