{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,8]],"date-time":"2025-03-08T05:22:34Z","timestamp":1741411354849,"version":"3.38.0"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"9","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["ajvr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Objective<\/jats:bold>\u2014To evaluate bronchial morphology endoscopically in rabbits and develop a valid nomenclature for the endobronchial branching pattern.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Animals<\/jats:bold>\u201410 mature New Zealand White rabbits.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Procedures<\/jats:bold>\u2014Flexible bronchoscopy was performed in rabbits anesthetized with isoflurane via nasal mask. Airways were systematically evaluated from the larynx to the terminal branches accessible with a 2.5-mm\u2013outer diameter flexible endoscope. Airway branching patterns were identified and assessed for variation among subjects.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>\u2014Airways of all rabbits were readily examined with the 2.5-mm flexible endoscope. Laryngeal structure and function were normal in each rabbit, and airway branching patterns in all rabbits evaluated were identical. At the carina, branching into left and right principal bronchi was evident. The left principal bronchus divided immediately into the left cranial and left caudal lobar bronchi. The left cranial lobe bronchus further divided into dorsal and ventral segmental bronchi. The left caudal lobe bronchus gave rise to branches originating dorsally, ventrally, and medially before continuing caudally. The right principal bronchus divided into the right cranial, right middle, and accessory lobar bronchi and continued distally as the right caudal lobar bronchus. The right cranial lobe bronchus also divided into dorsal and ventral segmental bronchi, and the right caudal lobe bronchus had branches that originated dorsally, ventrally, and medially.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions and Clinical Relevance<\/jats:bold>\u2014Definition of a standard nomenclature for airway branching in rabbits will allow precise localization of disease in clinical cases and accurate collection of airway samples in clinical and scientific evaluations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.68.9.1022","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,9,1]],"date-time":"2007-09-01T15:04:33Z","timestamp":1188659073000},"page":"1022-1027","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Endoscopic evaluation of bronchial morphology in rabbits"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"68","author":[{"given":"Lynelle R.","family":"Johnson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tracy L.","family":"Drazenovich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michelle G.","family":"Hawkins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"key":"ref1","series-title":"Am J Vet Res","first-page":"2649","article-title":"Systematic identification of endobronchial anatomy during bronchoscopy in the dog","volume":"47","author":"Amis","year":"1986"},{"key":"ref2","series-title":"Equine Vet J","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-3306.1994.tb04388.x","article-title":"Endoscopic anatomy and map of the equine bronchial tree","volume":"26","author":"Smith","year":"1994"},{"key":"ref3","series-title":"J Zoo Wildl Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1638\/1042-7260(2001)032[0190:DOASNF]2.0.CO;2","article-title":"Development of a standardized nomenclature for bronchoscopy of the respiratory system of harbor porpoises (Phocoena phocoena)","volume":"32","author":"Harper","year":"2001"},{"key":"ref4","series-title":"Anat Rec","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.1091990110","article-title":"Comparative morphometry of the upper bronchial tree in six mammalian species","volume":"199","author":"Schlesinger","year":"1981"},{"key":"ref5","series-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis","first-page":"S1","article-title":"Tracheobronchial airway structure as revealed by casting techniques","volume":"128","author":"Phalen","year":"1983"},{"key":"ref6","series-title":"J Appl Physiol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1584","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.2001.90.4.1584","article-title":"Airway branching morphology of mature and immature rabbit lungs","volume":"90","author":"Ramchandani","year":"2001"},{"key":"ref7","series-title":"Vet Radiol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1740-8261.1983.tb01539.x","article-title":"A simple method for the preparation of inflated air-dried lung specimens","volume":"24","author":"McKiernan","year":"1983"},{"key":"ref8","series-title":"BMC Pulm Med","first-page":"1","article-title":"Airway sizes and proportions in children quantified by a video-bronchoscopic technique","volume":"6","author":"Masters","year":"2006"},{"key":"ref9","series-title":"Anat Rec","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.1092230302","article-title":"Diameters and cross-sectional areas of branches in the human pulmonary arterial tree","volume":"223","author":"Horsfield","year":"1989"},{"key":"ref10","series-title":"J Appl Physiol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1990.68.2.457","article-title":"Diameters, generations, and orders of branches in the bronchial tree","volume":"68","author":"Horsfield","year":"1990"},{"key":"ref11","series-title":"Pediatr Pulmonol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.1950080307","article-title":"Model systems for learning pediatric flexible bronchoscopy","volume":"8","author":"Wood","year":"1990"},{"key":"ref12","series-title":"Current veterinary therapy","first-page":"213","article-title":"Bronchoscopy in the dog and cat","author":"O'Brien","year":"1970"},{"key":"ref13","series-title":"J Vet Intern Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.1990.tb00892.x","article-title":"Canine chronic bronchitis. A pathophysiologic evaluation of 18 cases","volume":"4","author":"Padrid","year":"1990"},{"key":"ref14","series-title":"J Vet Intern Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2000.tb01168.x","article-title":"Eosinophilic bronchopneumopathy in dogs","volume":"14","author":"Clercx","year":"2000"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Veterinary Research"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/view\/journals\/ajvr\/68\/9\/ajvr.68.9.1022.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/ajvr\/68\/9\/ajvr.68.9.1022.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/ajvr\/68\/9\/ajvr.68.9.1022.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,7]],"date-time":"2025-03-07T12:18:13Z","timestamp":1741349893000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/view\/journals\/ajvr\/68\/9\/ajvr.68.9.1022.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2007,9]]},"references-count":14,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2460\/ajvr.68.9.1022","relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-9645"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0002-9645"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2007,9]]}}}