{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]],"date-time":"2026-04-09T13:48:50Z","timestamp":1775742530944,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"10","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["ajvr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Objective<\/jats:bold>\u2014To evaluate perinuclear anti-neutrophilic cytoplasmic autoantibody (pANCA) status in Soft Coated Wheaten Terriers (SCWTs) and SCWT-Beagle crossbred dogs and to correlate pANCA status of dogs with clinicopathologic variables of protein-losing enteropathy (PLE), protein-losing nephropathy (PLN), or both.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Animals<\/jats:bold>\u201413 SCWTs and 8 SCWT-Beagle crossbred dogs in a research colony and a control group comprising 7 dogs with X-linked hereditary nephropathy and 12 healthy SCWTs &gt; 9 years old.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Procedures<\/jats:bold>\u2014Samples were obtained from dogs in the research colony every 6 months. At each sample-collection time point, serum concentrations of albumin, globulin, creatinine, and urea nitrogen; fecal concentration of \u03b1-proteinase inhibitor; and urinary protein-to-creatinine ratios were determined and correlated with pANCA status.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>\u201420 of 21 dogs in the research colony had positive results for pANCAs at a minimum of 2 time points, and 18 of 21 dogs had definitive evidence of disease. None of the control dogs had positive results for pANCAs. A positive result for pANCAs was significantly associated with hypoalbuminemia, and pANCAs preceded the onset of hypoalbuminemia on an average of 2.4 years. Sensitivity and specificity for use of pANCAs to predict development of PLE or PLN were 0.95 (95% confidence interval, 0.72 to 1.00) and 0.8 (95% confidence interval, 0.51 to 0.95), respectively.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions and Clinical Relevance<\/jats:bold>\u2014Most dogs in this study affected with PLE, PLN, or both had positive results for pANCAs before clinicopathologic evidence of disease was detected. Thus, pANCAs may be useful as an early noninvasive test of disease in SCWTs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.69.10.1301","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,10,1]],"date-time":"2008-10-01T12:30:52Z","timestamp":1222864252000},"page":"1301-1304","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Evaluation of perinuclear anti-neutrophilic cytoplasmic autoantibodies as an early marker of protein-losing enteropathy and protein-losing nephropathy in Soft Coated Wheaten Terriers"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"69","author":[{"given":"Karin","family":"Allenspach","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bethany","family":"Lomas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Barbara","family":"Wieland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tonya","family":"Harris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Barrak","family":"Pressler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carolina","family":"Mancho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"George E.","family":"Lees","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shelly L.","family":"Vaden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"key":"ref1","series-title":"J Vet Intern Med","first-page":"68","article-title":"Familial protein-losing enteropathy and protein-losing nephropathy in Soft Coated Wheaten Terriers: 222 cases (1983\u20131997)","volume":"14","author":"Littman","year":"2000"},{"key":"ref2","series-title":"J Vet Intern Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2000.tb01501.x","article-title":"Food hypersensitivity reactions in Soft Coated Wheaten Terriers with proteinlosing enteropathy or protein-losing nephropathy or both: gastroscopic food sensitivity testing, dietary provocation, and fecal immunoglobulin E","volume":"14","author":"Vaden","year":"2000"},{"key":"ref3","series-title":"Am J Vet Res","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"518","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.2000.61.518","article-title":"Evaluation of intestinal permeability and gluten sensitivity in Soft-Coated Wheaten Terriers with familial protein-losing enteropathy, protein-losing nephropathy, or both","volume":"61","author":"Vaden","year":"2000"},{"key":"ref4","series-title":"J Small Anim Pract","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-5827.2006.00007.x","article-title":"Evaluation of colonoscopic allergen provocation as a diagnostic tool in dogs with proven food hypersensitivity reactions","volume":"47","author":"Allenspach","year":"2006"},{"key":"ref5","series-title":"J Vet Intern Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2006.tb02849.x","article-title":"Perinuclear antineutrophilic cytoplasmic antibody and response to treatment in diarrheic dogs with food responsive disease or inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"20","author":"Luckschander","year":"2006"},{"key":"ref6","series-title":"J Rheumatol","first-page":"1584","article-title":"Diagnostic performance of antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody tests for idiopathic vasculitides: metaanalysis with a focus on antimyeloperoxidase antibodies","volume":"28","author":"Choi","year":"2001"},{"key":"ref7","series-title":"MLO Med Lab Obs","first-page":"8","article-title":"Serologic markers in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)","volume":"33","author":"Nakamura","year":"2001"},{"key":"ref8","series-title":"Am J Vet Res","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1279","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.2004.65.1279","article-title":"Evaluation of assays for perinuclear antineutrophilic cytoplasmic antibodies and antibodies to Saccharomyces cerevisiae in dogs with inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"65","author":"Allenspach","year":"2004"},{"key":"ref9","series-title":"Guide for the care and use of laboratory animals","year":"1996"},{"key":"ref10","series-title":"Am J Vet Res","first-page":"373","article-title":"New form of X-linked dominant hereditary nephritis in dogs","volume":"60","author":"Lees","year":"1999"},{"key":"ref11","series-title":"Mamm Genome","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1007\/s00335-002-2253-9","article-title":"Genetic cause of X-linked Alport syndrome in a family of domestic dogs","volume":"14","author":"Cox","year":"2003"},{"key":"ref12","series-title":"Kidney Int","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1755.1998.00807.x","article-title":"Diagnostic value of standardized assays for anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies in idiopathic systemic vasculitis. 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