{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]],"date-time":"2026-05-08T22:35:49Z","timestamp":1778279749946,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"11","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["ajvr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Objective<\/jats:bold>\u2014To compare the cardiopulmonary effects of continuous rate infusions (CRIs) of alfaxalone-2-hydroxypropyl-\u03b2-cyclodextrin (HPCD) and propofol in healthy dogs.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Animals<\/jats:bold>\u20146 young adult medium-sized healthy crossbred dogs.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Procedures<\/jats:bold>\u2014A crossover design was used with a washout period of 6 days between anesthetic treatments. Each dog was sedated with acepromazine (0.02 mg\/kg, IV) and hydromorphone (0.05 mg\/kg, IV). Anesthesia was induced with propofol (4 mg\/kg) or alfaxalone-HPCD (2 mg\/kg). After endotracheal intubation, anesthesia was maintained with the same agent (propofol, 0.25 mg\/kg\/min; alfaxalone-HPCD, 0.07 mg\/kg\/min) for 120 minutes. Dogs spontaneously breathed 100% oxygen. Measurements included end-tidal partial pressure of carbon dioxide, heart and respiratory rates, mean arterial blood pressure, thermodilution-derived cardiac output, and body temperature. Paired arterial and mixed venous blood samples were collected for determination of blood pH, Pa<jats:sc>CO<\/jats:sc><jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>, and Pa<jats:sc>O<\/jats:sc><jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>. Data were recorded prior to induction; 5, 15, 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes after induction of anesthesia; and 20 minutes after stopping the CRI, when feasible. Stroke volume and systemic vascular resistance were calculated. Quality of anesthetic induction and recovery and interval to recovery were recorded.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>\u2014Both propofol and alfaxalone-HPCD produced excellent induction of anesthesia, maintenance, and recovery. Respiratory depression was evident with both anesthetics. Clinically acceptable, mild hemodynamic changes were similar for both anesthetics.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions and Clinical Relevance<\/jats:bold>\u2014Alfaxalone-HPCD produced clinically acceptable anesthetic quality and hemodynamic values ideal for use as a CRI. Ventilation may need to be supported if hydromorphone is used at these propofol and alfaxalone-HPCD infusion rates.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.69.11.1391","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,11,3]],"date-time":"2008-11-03T16:07:48Z","timestamp":1225728468000},"page":"1391-1398","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":110,"title":["Comparison of the anesthetic efficacy and cardiopulmonary effects of continuous rate infusions of alfaxalone-2-hydroxypropyl-\u03b2-cyclodextrin and propofol in dogs"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"69","author":[{"given":"Barbara","family":"Ambros","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tanya","family":"Duke-Novakovski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kirby S.","family":"Pasloske","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"key":"ref1","series-title":"Am J Vet Res","first-page":"755","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics of propofol in mixed-breed dogs and greyhounds","volume":"54","author":"Zoran","year":"1993"},{"key":"ref2","series-title":"Vet Rec","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.120.14.326","article-title":"Propofol as an intravenous anaesthetic agent in dogs","volume":"120","author":"Watkins","year":"1987"},{"key":"ref3","series-title":"Vet Rec","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.124.2.31","article-title":"Clinical evaluation of propofol as an intravenous anaesthetic agent in cats and dogs","volume":"124","author":"Morgan","year":"1989"},{"key":"ref4","series-title":"Br J Anaesth","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/63.1.87","article-title":"Cardiovascular effects of propofol in the anaesthetized dog","volume":"63","author":"Goodchild","year":"1989"},{"key":"ref5","series-title":"Anesth Analg","first-page":"877","article-title":"Venodilation contributes to propofol-mediated hypotension in humans","volume":"74","author":"Muzi","year":"1992"},{"key":"ref6","series-title":"Br J Anaesth","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/43.1.2-a","article-title":"The pharmacological properties in animals of CT1341\u2014a new steroid anaesthetic agent","volume":"43","author":"Child","year":"1971"},{"key":"ref7","series-title":"Vet Rec","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.107.21.481","article-title":"Complications of saffan anaesthesia in cats","volume":"107","author":"Dodman","year":"1980"},{"key":"ref8","series-title":"Vet Anaesth Analg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-2995.2005.00264.x","article-title":"Plasma pharmacokinetics of alfaxalone in dogs after an intravenous bolus of alfaxan-CD RTU","volume":"33","author":"Ferr\u00e9","year":"2006"},{"key":"ref9","series-title":"J Small Anim Pract","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-5827.2007.00473.x","article-title":"A comparison of microbial growth in alfaxalone, propofol and thiopental","volume":"49","author":"Strachan","year":"2008"},{"key":"ref10","series-title":"Comp Med","first-page":"156","article-title":"Reference cardiopulmonary values in normal dogs","volume":"55","author":"Haskins","year":"2005"},{"key":"ref11","series-title":"Vet Surg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-950X.1993.tb00434.x","article-title":"Cardiovascular effects of a continuous two-hour propofol infusion in dogs. 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