{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T18:49:09Z","timestamp":1787856549889,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"11","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["ajvr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Objective<\/jats:bold>\u2014To determine endometrial regeneration in postpartum mares by analysis of histologic features, apoptosis and cell proliferation markers, lectin binding, cytokines, and progesterone and estrogen receptors in endometrial biopsy specimens.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Animals<\/jats:bold>\u20149 postpartum mares.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Procedures<\/jats:bold>\u2014Mares were examined on postpartum days 1, 9, and 16, and uterine biopsy specimens were obtained for histologic examination. Lectin binding was analyzed histochemically, and expressions of Ki-67 antigen (proliferation marker), lysozyme, and caspase 3 (apoptosis marker) were studied immunohistochemically. Gene expressions for cytokines (interleukin-1\u03b2, -6 and -8 and tumor necrosis factor-\u03b1), cyclooxygenase 2, prostaglandin-E-synthase, and estrogen and progesterone receptors were determined by use of quantitative real-time PCR assay.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>\u2014On day 1, neutrophils predominated but by day 9 had largely been replaced by lymphocytes and macrophages. High numbers of cells with staining for caspase 3 were found on day 1, but numbers decreased by day 9. In contrast, the number of cells with staining for Kiel 67 antigen increased between days 1 and 9. Lectin binding to the endometrium changed over time. Relative mRNA expressions for cytokines and prostaglandin-E-synthase did not differ among days. Expressions of progesterone and estrogen receptors were minimal on day 1 and increased by day 9.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions and Clinical Relevance<\/jats:bold>\u2014Early postpartum endometrial cells underwent apoptosis, but during the second week, postpartum proliferation of cells predominated. Lectin binding reflected changes in endometrial glycocalyx patterns. Increased expression of estrogen receptors allowed the endometrium to respond to estrogen during foal heat, and in subsequent diestrus, the endometrium was able to respond to progesterone.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.69.11.1525","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,11,3]],"date-time":"2008-11-03T16:07:48Z","timestamp":1225728468000},"page":"1525-1534","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Uterine involution and endometrial function in postpartum pony mares"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"69","author":[{"given":"Susanne","family":"Jischa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ingrid","family":"Walter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Norbert","family":"Nowotny","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Franziska","family":"Palm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sven","family":"Budik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jolanta","family":"Kolodziejek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christine","family":"Aurich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"key":"ref1","series-title":"J Reprod Fertil Suppl","first-page":"545","article-title":"Observations on the time of foaling in Thoroughbred mares in Australia","volume":"23","author":"Bain","year":"1975"},{"key":"ref2","series-title":"J Reprod Fertil Suppl","first-page":"551","article-title":"Prolactin secretion in lactating mares before and after treatment with bromocriptine","volume":"44","author":"Neuschaefer","year":"1990"},{"key":"ref3","series-title":"Theriogenology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"883","DOI":"10.1016\/S0093-691X(03)00279-6","article-title":"Body weight of mares and foals, estrous cycles and plasma glucose concentration in lactating and non-lactating Lipizzaner mares","volume":"61","author":"Heidler","year":"2004"},{"key":"ref4","series-title":"J Reprod Fertil Suppl","first-page":"571","article-title":"Clinical, microbiological and histological changes associated with uterine involution in the mare","volume":"27","author":"Gygax","year":"1979"},{"key":"ref5","series-title":"Zentralbl Veterinarmed A","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0442.1988.tb00043.x","article-title":"Evaluation of the post-partum mare in relation to foal heat breeding. 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