{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T06:53:11Z","timestamp":1791615191406,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["ajvr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Objective<\/jats:bold>\n                    \u2014To evaluate dogs as a sentinel species for emergence of Lyme disease in a region undergoing invasion by\n                    <jats:italic>Ixodes scapularis<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Sample Population<\/jats:bold>\n                    \u2014353 serum samples and 78 ticks obtained from dogs brought to 18 veterinary clinics located in the lower peninsula of Michigan from July 15, 2005, through August 15, 2005.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Procedures<\/jats:bold>\n                    \u2014Serum samples were evaluated for specific antibodies against\n                    <jats:italic>Borrelia burgdorferi<\/jats:italic>\n                    by use of 3 serologic assays. Ticks from dogs were subjected to PCR assays for detection of pathogens.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>\n                    \u2014Of 353 serum samples from dogs in 18 counties in 2005, only 2 (0.6%) contained western blot analysis\u2013confirmed antibodies against\n                    <jats:italic>B burgdorferi<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Ten of 13 dogs with\n                    <jats:italic>I scapularis<\/jats:italic>\n                    were from clinics within or immediately adjacent to the known tick invasion zone. Six of 18\n                    <jats:italic>I scapularis<\/jats:italic>\n                    and 12 of 60 noncompetent vector ticks were infected with\n                    <jats:italic>B burgdorferi.<\/jats:italic>\n                    No ticks were infected with\n                    <jats:italic>Anaplasma phagocytophilum<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and 3 were infected with\n                    <jats:italic>Babesia<\/jats:italic>\n                    spp.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Conclusions and Clinical Relevance<\/jats:bold>\n                    \u2014Serosurvey in dogs was found to be ineffective in tracking early invasion dynamics of\n                    <jats:italic>I scapularis<\/jats:italic>\n                    in this area. Tick chemoprophylaxis likely reduces serosurvey sensitivity in dogs. Ticks infected with\n                    <jats:italic>B burgdorferi<\/jats:italic>\n                    were more common and widely dispersed than seropositive dogs. In areas of low tick density, use of dogs as a source of ticks is preferable to serosurvey for surveillance of emerging Lyme disease.\n                    <jats:bold>Impact for Human Medicine<\/jats:bold>\n                    \u2014By retaining ticks from dogs for identification and pathogen testing, veterinarians can play an important role in early detection in areas with increasing risk of Lyme disease.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.70.1.49","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,1,2]],"date-time":"2009-01-02T16:46:38Z","timestamp":1230914798000},"page":"49-56","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":49,"title":["Use of tick surveys and serosurveys to evaluate pet dogs as a sentinel species for emerging Lyme disease"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"70","author":[{"given":"Sarah A.","family":"Hamer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean 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