{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]],"date-time":"2026-05-08T22:34:00Z","timestamp":1778279640490,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"10","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["ajvr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Objective<\/jats:bold>\u2014To evaluate the antinociceptive effects of epidurally administered hydromorphone in conscious, healthy cats.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Animals<\/jats:bold>\u20147 healthy adult cats.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Procedures<\/jats:bold>\u2014An epidural catheter was implanted in each cat. Thermal threshold (TT) was measured by increasing the temperature of a probe placed on the thorax and monitoring the cat's response. Mechanical threshold (MT) was measured by manually inflating a modified blood-pressure bladder affixed to a thoracic limb and monitoring the response. After the baseline TT and MT values were determined, hydromorphone (0.05 mg\/kg) or an equal volume of saline (0.9% NaCl) solution was epidurally injected. The TT and MT were again measured at 15, 30, 45, 60, 120, 180, 240, 300, 360, and 480 minutes after injection.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>\u2014TT and MT did not change significantly from baseline values at any point after saline solution was administered. The MT and TT values were significantly higher than the baseline value at 15 minutes and at 120 and 180 minutes after hydromorphone administration, respectively. The MT and TT values after hydromorphone administration were also significantly different from those obtained at 30 minutes and at 15 minutes and 120 to 300 minutes, respectively, after administration of saline solution. No significant changes in skin temperature were detected after either treatment.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions and Clinical Relevance<\/jats:bold>\u2014Epidural administration of hydromorphone at a dosage of 0.05 mg\/kg yielded thermal and some mechanical antinociceptive effects in cats, and no hyperthermia was detected. Additional studies of the antinociceptive effectiveness and duration of epidurally administered hydromorphone in clinical situations are required.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.70.10.1187","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,10,1]],"date-time":"2009-10-01T16:04:41Z","timestamp":1254413081000},"page":"1187-1192","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Antinociceptive effects of epidural administration of hydromorphone in conscious cats"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"70","author":[{"given":"Barbara","family":"Ambros","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paulo V. M.","family":"Steagall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fernanda","family":"Mantovani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Gilbert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tanya","family":"Duke-Novakovski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"key":"ref1","series-title":"Can Vet J","first-page":"135","article-title":"Hydromorphone: a cost-effective alternative to the use of oxymorphone","volume":"41","author":"Pettifer","year":"2000"},{"key":"ref2","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1101","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.2001.218.1101","article-title":"Effects of hydromorphone or oxymorphone, with or without acepromazine, on preanesthetic sedation, physiologic values, and histamine release in dogs","volume":"218","author":"Smith","year":"2001"},{"key":"ref3","series-title":"Pain","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3959(96)03213-7","article-title":"Clinical analgesic equivalence for morphine and hydromorphone with prolonged PCA","volume":"68","author":"Dunbar","year":"1996"},{"key":"ref4","series-title":"Psychopharmacologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00421791","article-title":"Suppression of morphine-induced mania in cats","volume":"36","author":"Fertziger","year":"1974"},{"key":"ref5","series-title":"J Feline Med Surg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfms.2003.10.002","article-title":"Pain management in cats\u2014past, present and future. 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