{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,25]],"date-time":"2025-10-25T18:56:36Z","timestamp":1761418596369,"version":"3.38.0"},"reference-count":10,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["ajvr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Objective<\/jats:bold>\u2014To develop and validate a gas chromatography\u2013mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method for determination of N<jats:sup>\u03c4<\/jats:sup>-methylhistamine (NMH) concentration in canine urine and fecal extracts and to assess urinary NMH concentrations in dogs with mast cell neoplasia and fecal NMH concentrations in dogs with protein-losing enteropathy.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Sample Population<\/jats:bold>\u2014Urine specimens were collected from 6 healthy dogs and 7 dogs with mast cell neoplasia. Fecal extracts were obtained from fecal specimens of 28 dogs with various severities of protein-losing enteropathy, as indicated by fecal concentration of \u03b1<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>-proteinase inhibitor.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Procedures<\/jats:bold>\u2014NMH was extracted directly from urine, and fecal specimens were first extracted into 5 volumes of PBSS containing 1% newborn calf serum. N<jats:sup>\u03c4<\/jats:sup>-methylhistamine in specimens was quantified via stable isotope dilution GC-MS. The assay was validated via determination of percentage recovery of known amounts of NMH and interassay coefficients of variation. Urinary excretion of NMH was evaluated by means of NMH-to-creatinine concentration ratios.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>\u2014Recovery of NMH in urine and fecal extracts averaged 104.6% and 104.5%, respectively. Interassay coefficients of variation ranged from 5.4% to 11.7% in urine and 12.6% to 18.1% in fecal extracts. Urinary NMH excretion was significantly increased in dogs with mast cell neoplasia, compared with that in healthy dogs. No correlation was detected between severity of protein-losing enteropathy and fecal NMH concentration.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions and Clinical Relevance<\/jats:bold>\u2014This method provided a sensitive, reproducible means of measuring NMH in canine urine and fecal extracts. High urinary NMH-to-creatinine concentration ratios in dogs with mast cell neoplasia are consistent with increased histamine release in this disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.70.2.167","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,2,2]],"date-time":"2009-02-02T13:31:30Z","timestamp":1233581490000},"page":"167-171","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Gas chromatography\u2013mass spectrometry assay for determination of N\u03c4-methylhistamine concentration in canine urine specimens and fecal extracts"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"70","author":[{"given":"Craig G.","family":"Ruaux","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jeannie M.","family":"Wright","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J\u00f6rg M.","family":"Steiner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David A.","family":"Williams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"key":"ref1","series-title":"Immunol Rev","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-065X.2001.790107.x","article-title":"Role of mast cells in intestinal mucosal function: studies in models of hypersensitivity and stress","volume":"179","author":"Yu","year":"2001"},{"key":"ref2","series-title":"Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S1081-1206(10)63105-5","article-title":"Role of intestinal mast cells in modulating gastrointestinal pathophysiology","volume":"81","author":"Stenton","year":"1998"},{"key":"ref3","series-title":"J Chromatogr B Biomed Sci Appl","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-4347(97)00122-9","article-title":"Determination of plasma N\u03c4-methylhistamine in vivo by isotope dilution using benchtop gas chromatography-mass spectrometry","volume":"694","author":"Tredget","year":"1997"},{"key":"ref4","series-title":"Agents Actions","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01983105","article-title":"Measurement of N\u03c4-methylhistamine concentrations in plasma and urine as a parameter for histamine release during anaphylactoid reactions","volume":"16","author":"Keyzer","year":"1985"},{"key":"ref5","series-title":"Dig Dis Sci","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1018886423475","article-title":"Quantification of inflammatory mediators in stool samples of patients with inflammatory bowel disorders and controls","volume":"42","author":"Bischoff","year":"1997"},{"key":"ref6","series-title":"World J Gastroenterol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v10.i3.309","article-title":"Key role of mast cells and their major secretory products in inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"10","author":"He","year":"2004"},{"key":"ref7","series-title":"Am J Vet Res","first-page":"127","article-title":"Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for canine A1-protease inhibitor (Erratum published in Am J Vet Res 1998;59:524)","volume":"59","author":"Melgarejo","year":"1998"},{"key":"ref8","series-title":"Urology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1016\/S0090-4295(99)80295-7","article-title":"Dimethyl sulfoxide does not trigger urine histamine release in interstitial cystitis","volume":"46","author":"Stout","year":"1995"},{"key":"ref9","series-title":"J Urol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1145","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(17)36844-1","article-title":"Stimulated release of urine histamine in interstitial cystitis","volume":"148","author":"Yun","year":"1992"},{"key":"ref10","series-title":"J Vet Intern Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2000.tb01501.x","article-title":"Food hypersensitivity reactions in Soft Coated Wheaten Terriers with proteinlosing enteropathy or protein-losing nephropathy or both: gastroscopic food sensitivity testing, dietary provocation, and fecal immunoglobulin E","volume":"14","author":"Vaden","year":"2000"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Veterinary 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