{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T15:00:42Z","timestamp":1789657242765,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":76,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["ajvr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Objective<\/jats:bold>\n                    \u2014To examine effects of in vitro exposure to solutions of hay dust, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), or \u03b2-glucan on chemokine and cell-surface receptor (CSR) gene expression in primary bronchial epithelial cell cultures (BECCs) established from healthy horses and horses with recurrent airway obstruction (RAO).\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Sample Population<\/jats:bold>\n                    \u2014BECCs established from bronchial biopsy specimens of 6 RAO-affected horses and 6 healthy horses.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Procedures<\/jats:bold>\n                    \u20145-day-old BECCs were treated with PBS solution, hay dust solutions, LPS, or \u03b2-glucan for 6 or 24 hours. Gene expression of interleukin (IL)-8, chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 2 (CXCL2), IL-1\u03b2, toll-like receptor 2, toll-like receptor 4, IL-1 receptor 1, and glyceraldehyde 3\u2013phosphate dehydrogenase was measured with a kinetic PCR assay.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>\n                    \u2014Treatment with PBS solution for 6 or 24 hours was not associated with a significant difference in chemokine or CSR expression between BECCs from either group of horses. In all BECCs, treatment with hay dust or LPS for 6 hours increased IL-8, CXCL2, and IL-1\u03b2 gene expression &gt; 3-fold; at 24 hours, only IL-1\u03b2 expression was upregulated by &gt; 3-fold. In all BECCs, CSR gene expression was not increased following any treatment. With the exception of a 3.7-fold upregulation of CXCL2 in BECCs from RAO-affected horses (following 6-hour hay dust treatment), no differences in chemokine or CSR gene expression were detected between the 2 groups. At 24 hours, CXCL2 gene expression in all BECCs was downregulated.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Conclusions and Clinical Relevance<\/jats:bold>\n                    \u2014Epithelial CXCL2 upregulation in response to hay dust particulates may incite early airway neutrophilia in horses with RAO.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.70.3.365","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,3,2]],"date-time":"2009-03-02T08:54:42Z","timestamp":1235984082000},"page":"365-372","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Effects of in vitro exposure to hay dust on the gene expression of chemokines and cell-surface receptors in primary bronchial epithelial cell cultures established from horses with chronic recurrent airway obstruction"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"70","author":[{"given":"Dorothy 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