{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,30]],"date-time":"2025-10-30T17:07:24Z","timestamp":1761844044732,"version":"3.38.0"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"11","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["ajvr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Objective<\/jats:bold>\u2014To evaluate fluid pressures generated via common wound-flushing techniques.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Sample Population<\/jats:bold>\u201424 combinations of bottles, needles, a syringe, and a bag.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Procedures<\/jats:bold>\u201412 medically trained individuals used the following devices to forcefully expel fluid as for wound flushing: full and half-full 1-L and 500-mL bottles with holes in the cap made with 16-, 18-, 20-, and 22-gauge needles; a 35-mL syringe with the same needle sizes; and a 1-L bag placed in a cuff pressurized to 300 mm Hg, with the same needle sizes. Fluid expulsion pressures were measured and compared.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>\u2014The highest pressure generated with the bottle was 3.90 \u2014 1.30 psi (mean \u2014 SD) with a 16-gauge needle and a full 1-L bottle. The highest pressure generated with the 35-mL syringe was 18.40 \u2014 9.80 psi with a 16-gauge needle. The lowest pressure generated with the 35-mL syringe was 16.70 \u2014 6.50 psi with an 18-gauge needle. The bag under pressure generated a pressure of 7.3 \u2014 0.1 psi with a 16-gauge needle. Needle size did not have a significant effect.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions and Clinical Relevance<\/jats:bold>\u2014Solution bottles of any size and needle gauge do not meet the requirement for satisfactory flushing pressure of 7 to 8 psi. Use of a 35-mL syringe can produce pressure substantially &gt; 7 to 8 psi, which could damage tissues. The most consistent delivery method to generate 7 to 8 psi was use of a 1-L plastic bag within a cuff pressurized to 300 mm Hg.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.71.11.1384","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,11,1]],"date-time":"2010-11-01T07:04:22Z","timestamp":1288595062000},"page":"1384-1386","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Evaluation of fluid pressures of common wound-flushing techniques"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"71","author":[{"given":"Trent T.","family":"Gall","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eric","family":"Monnet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"key":"ref1","series-title":"Emerg Med Clin North Am","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1016\/S0733-8627(02)00087-1","article-title":"Management of lacerations in the emergency department","volume":"21","author":"Capellan","year":"2003"},{"key":"ref2","series-title":"Ann Emerg Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1284","DOI":"10.1016\/S0196-0644(88)80354-8","article-title":"Principles of emergency wound management","volume":"17","author":"Edlich","year":"1988"},{"key":"ref3","series-title":"Textbook of small animal surgery","first-page":"199","article-title":"Basic operative techniques","author":"Toombs","year":"2002"},{"key":"ref4","series-title":"Curr Top Surg Res","first-page":"85","article-title":"Application of principles of fluid dynamics to surgical wound irrigation","volume":"3","author":"Madden","year":"1971"},{"key":"ref5","series-title":"Surg Gynecol Obstet","first-page":"357","article-title":"Wound cleaning by high-pressure irrigation","volume":"141","author":"Rodeheaver","year":"1975"},{"key":"ref6","series-title":"JACEP","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/S0361-1124(76)80160-8","article-title":"Cleansing the traumatic wound by high pressure syringe irrigation","volume":"5","author":"Stevenson","year":"1976"},{"key":"ref7","series-title":"Ann Emerg Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1016\/S0196-0644(94)70159-8","article-title":"Pressure dynamics of various irrigation techniques commonly used in the emergency department","volume":"24","author":"Singer","year":"1994"},{"key":"ref8","series-title":"Ann Emerg Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1016\/S0196-0644(99)70131-9","article-title":"Laceration management","volume":"34","author":"Hollander","year":"1999"},{"key":"ref9","series-title":"J Wound Ostomy Continence Nurs","first-page":"296","article-title":"Nurses\u2019 knowledge of wound irrigation and pressures generated during simulated wound irrigation","volume":"27","author":"Campany","year":"2000"},{"key":"ref10","series-title":"J Emerg Nurs","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jen.2005.01.005","article-title":"Irrigating simple acute traumatic wounds: a review of the current literature","volume":"31","author":"Dulecki","year":"2005"},{"key":"ref11","series-title":"Int Wound J","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1742-4801.2005.00123.x","article-title":"A critical review of irrigation techniques in acute wounds","volume":"2","author":"Chatterjee","year":"2005"},{"key":"ref12","series-title":"Clinical practice guideline No. 15. AHRQ publication No. 95-0652","article-title":"Treatment of pressure ulcers","author":"Bergstrom","year":"1994"},{"key":"ref13","series-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.G.01566","article-title":"Comparison of irrigation solutions and devices in a contaminated musculoskeletal wound survival model","volume":"91","author":"Owens","year":"2009"},{"key":"ref14","series-title":"Am J Emerg Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-6757(99)90041-4","article-title":"Low-versus high-pressure irrigation techniques in Staphylococcus aureus-inoculated wounds","volume":"17","author":"Pronchik","year":"1999"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Veterinary Research"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/view\/journals\/ajvr\/71\/11\/ajvr.71.11.1384.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/ajvr\/71\/11\/ajvr.71.11.1384.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/ajvr\/71\/11\/ajvr.71.11.1384.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,7]],"date-time":"2025-03-07T12:22:59Z","timestamp":1741350179000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/view\/journals\/ajvr\/71\/11\/ajvr.71.11.1384.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010,11]]},"references-count":14,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2460\/ajvr.71.11.1384","relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-9645"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0002-9645"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2010,11]]}}}