{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,2]],"date-time":"2025-10-02T13:33:53Z","timestamp":1759412033885,"version":"3.38.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["ajvr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Objective<\/jats:bold>\u2014To determine whether skin-related clinical signs in cutaneous food hypersensitivity (CFH) coincide with immune reactivity in the intestine in dogs.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Animals<\/jats:bold>\u201411 dogs with CFH without intestinal clinical signs and 8 healthy control dogs.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Procedures<\/jats:bold>\u2014After a provocation and elimination diet, the duodenal gene expression levels of Th1-, Th2- and Treg-related cytokines and transcription factors were investigated by means of quantitative PCR assay. The presence of CD3<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>, CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>, CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>, CD1c<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>, \u03b3\u03b4 T-cell receptor<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>, and major histocompatibility complex II<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> cells in duodenal epithelium and lamina propria were determined.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>\u2014The expression of Th1-, Th2-, and Treg-related genes in dogs with CFH and healthy control dogs was similar. Although clinical signs disappeared, there was no effect of the elimination diet on cytokines, transcription factors, or cellular phenotypes.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions and Clinical Relevance<\/jats:bold>\u2014No change in T-cell phenotypes or a distinct Th1, Th2, or Treg profile was detected in the duodenum of dogs with only cutaneous clinical signs of food hypersensitivity. This suggested that the intestinal mucosa is not the primary site of T-cell activation that eventually leads to cutaneous food hypersensitivity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.71.4.441","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,4,1]],"date-time":"2010-04-01T07:06:47Z","timestamp":1270105607000},"page":"441-446","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Evaluation of T-cell activation in the duodenum of dogs with cutaneous food hypersensitivity"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"71","author":[{"given":"Eveline Z.","family":"Veenhof","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Victor P.","family":"Rutten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ronald","family":"van Noort","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Edward F.","family":"Knol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ton","family":"Willemse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"key":"ref1","series-title":"J Pediatr","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(98)70498-6","article-title":"Atopic dermatitis and food hypersensitivity reactions","volume":"132","author":"Burks","year":"1998"},{"key":"ref2","series-title":"Pediatrics","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e8","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.101.3.e8","article-title":"Prevalence of IgE-mediated food allergy among children with atopic dermatitis","volume":"101","author":"Eigenmann","year":"1998"},{"key":"ref3","series-title":"Immunol Invest","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1081\/IMM-120027686","article-title":"The role of cow milk allergy in increasing the severity of atopic dermatitis","volume":"33","author":"Pourpak","year":"2004"},{"key":"ref4","series-title":"Vet Immunol Immunopathol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-2427(01)00302-6","article-title":"The ACVD task force on canine atopic dermatitis (X): is there a relationship between canine atopic dermatitis and cutaneous adverse food reactions","volume":"81","author":"Hillier","year":"2001"},{"key":"ref5","series-title":"Muller and Kirk's small animal dermatology","first-page":"615","article-title":"Skin immune system and allergic skin diseases","author":"Scott","year":"2001"},{"key":"ref6","series-title":"Vet Dermatol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3164.2008.00669.x","article-title":"A prospective study on canine atopic dermatitis and food-induced allergic dermatitis in Switzerland","volume":"19","author":"Picco","year":"2008"},{"key":"ref7","series-title":"Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol","first-page":"225","article-title":"The epidemiology of food allergy","volume":"1","author":"Bjorksten","year":"2001"},{"key":"ref8","series-title":"Gut","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.41.2.215","article-title":"T cells of the human intestinal lamina propria are high producers of interleukin-10","volume":"41","author":"Braunstein","year":"1997"},{"key":"ref9","series-title":"Gut","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.42.5.643","article-title":"Spontaneous secretion of interferon gamma and interleukin 4 by human intraepithelial and lamina propria gut lymphocytes","volume":"42","author":"Carol","year":"1998"},{"key":"ref10","series-title":"J Immunol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3119","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.173.5.3119","article-title":"CD4+CD25bright T cells in human intestinal lamina propria as regulatory cells","volume":"173","author":"Makita","year":"2004"},{"key":"ref11","series-title":"Eur J Immunol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2307","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.200323308","article-title":"Reduced transforming growth factor-\u03b21-producing T cells in the duodenal mucosa of children with food allergy","volume":"33","author":"P\u00e9rez-Machado","year":"2003"},{"key":"ref12","series-title":"Dig Dis","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1159\/000171407","article-title":"The gastrointestinal mucosal immune system","volume":"11","author":"James","year":"1993"},{"key":"ref13","series-title":"Int Immunol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1473","DOI":"10.1093\/intimm\/7.9.1473","article-title":"Intra-epithelial lymphocytes. 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