{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,18]],"date-time":"2026-10-18T23:01:32Z","timestamp":1792364492153,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["ajvr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Objective<\/jats:bold>\u2014To evaluate the prevalence of Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) antibodies in livestock and presence of competent mosquito vectors of RVFV during an interepizootic period (IEP) in Kenya.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Animals<\/jats:bold>\u2014208 sheep and 84 goats ranging in age from 4 months to 15 years, from 2 breeding herds.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Procedures<\/jats:bold>\u2014Blood specimens were collected from the sheep and goats during the 1999\u20132006 IEP in Rift Valley Province, and serum was harvested. Serum specimens were tested for IgG and IgM antibodies against RVFV by use of an ELISA. In addition, 7,134 mosquitoes were trapped in Naivasha, Nairobi, and Northeastern Province, and speciation was performed.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>\u2014No animals were seropositive for IgM against RVFV. Of the animals born after the 1997\u20131998 epizootic, 18% (34\/188) of sheep were seropositive for IgG against RVFV, compared with 3% (2\/75) of goats. Seventy percent (8,144\/11,678) of the mosquitoes collected were of the <jats:italic>Culex<\/jats:italic> subgenera; 18% (2,102\/11,678) were <jats:italic>Aedes<\/jats:italic> spp.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions and Clinical Relevance<\/jats:bold>\u2014Detection of IgG in the sera of sheep and goats born after the 1997\u20131998 epizootic and before the 2006 epizootic indicated that virus activity existed during the IEP. Detection of <jats:italic>Aedes<\/jats:italic> mosquitoes, which are competent vectors of RVFV, suggested that a cryptic vector-to-vertebrate cycle may exist during IEPs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.71.5.522","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,5,1]],"date-time":"2010-05-01T07:05:35Z","timestamp":1272697535000},"page":"522-526","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Identification of potential vectors of and detection of antibodies against Rift Valley fever virus in livestock during interepizootic periods"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"71","author":[{"given":"Melinda K.","family":"Rostal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alina L.","family":"Evans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rosemary","family":"Sang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Solomon","family":"Gikundi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lilian","family":"Wakhule","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peninah","family":"Munyua","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph","family":"Macharia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel R.","family":"Feikin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert F.","family":"Breiman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. Kariuki","family":"Njenga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"key":"ref1","series-title":"J Pathol Bacteriol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1002\/path.1700340418","article-title":"Enzootic hepatitis or Rift Valley fever: an undescribed virus disease of sheep, cattle and man from east Africa","volume":"34","author":"Daubney","year":"1931"},{"key":"ref2","series-title":"Emerg Infect Dis","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0802.010023","article-title":"An outbreak of Rift Valley fever in Northeastern Kenya, 1997\u201398","volume":"8","author":"Woods","year":"2002"},{"key":"ref3","series-title":"S Afr Med J","first-page":"890","article-title":"Rift Valley fever in South Africa: 2. The occurrence of human cases in the Orange Free State, the north-western Cape province, the western and southern Transvaal. A. 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