{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T02:20:05Z","timestamp":1773282005987,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["ajvr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,5]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\nObjective<\/jats:bold>\u2014To evaluate fluorescein nasolacrimal transit (NLT) times in ophthalmically normal dogs and nonbrachycephalic cats by use of 2 methods of the Jones test.<\/jats:p>\nAnimals<\/jats:bold>\u201473 dogs and 36 cats.<\/jats:p>\nProcedures<\/jats:bold>\u2014Fluorescein dye was applied to the ocular surface of both eyes by means of a wetted fluorescein strip and, in a subsequent test, by administration of a drop of 0.2% fluorescein solution. During each test, the nares were monitored for the appearance of fluorescein for up to 30 minutes after application. Time of fluorescein appearance at the nares was recorded as NLT time. Recorded variables for all study animals included age, reproductive status, body weight, and Schirmer tear test values. For dogs, skull index, snout length, and cephalic conformation were also recorded. Data were grouped for statistical comparisons according to test results.<\/jats:p>\nResults<\/jats:bold>\u2014In both dogs and cats, NLT was faster when the fluorescein solution versus fluorescein strip was used. In cats, none of the recorded variables had a significant effect on NLT, irrespective of the testing method used. In dogs, several variables had a significant effect on NLT, including cephalic conformation, snout length, age, and reproductive status, but these findings varied with testing method and testing group.<\/jats:p>\nConclusions and Clinical Relevance<\/jats:bold>\u2014NLT was highly variable in dogs and cats, regardless of testing method used. Assessment of nasolacrimal patency in brachycephalic dogs by use of either method evaluated here is not likely to be clinically useful. In cats, assessment of nasolacrimal patency with the fluorescein drop method was faster and more conclusive than with the fluorescein strip method.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.71.5.570","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,5,1]],"date-time":"2010-05-01T07:05:35Z","timestamp":1272697535000},"page":"570-574","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Evaluation of nasolacrimal fluorescein transit time in ophthalmically normal dogs and nonbrachycephalic cats"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"71","author":[{"given":"Daniel R.","family":"Binder","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ian P.","family":"Herring","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"key":"ref1","series-title":"Miller's anatomy of the dog","first-page":"1009","article-title":"The eye","author":"Murphy","year":"1993"},{"key":"ref2","series-title":"Dtsch Tierarztl Wochenschr","first-page":"347","article-title":"Beitrag zur Anatomie der Tranenorgane von Hunde und Katze","volume":"62","author":"Michel","year":"1955"},{"key":"ref3","series-title":"Small animal ophthalmic surgery","first-page":"125","article-title":"Surgery of the nasolacrimal apparatus and tear systems","author":"Gelatt","year":"2001"},{"key":"ref4","series-title":"Veterinary ophthalmology","first-page":"618","article-title":"Diseases and surgery of the canine nasolacrimal system","author":"Grahn","year":"2007"},{"key":"ref5","series-title":"Ophthalmic disease in veterinary medicine","first-page":"41","article-title":"Ophthalmic pharmacology","author":"Martin","year":"2005"},{"key":"ref6","series-title":"Severin's veterinary ophthalmology notes","first-page":"223","article-title":"Lacrimal apparatus","author":"Severin","year":"1995"},{"key":"ref7","series-title":"Veterinary ophthalmology","first-page":"438","article-title":"Ophthalmic examination and diagnostics. Part 1: the eye examination and diagnostic procedures","author":"Ollivier","year":"2007"},{"key":"ref8","series-title":"Slatter's fundamentals of veterinary ophthalmology","first-page":"81","article-title":"Basic diagnostic techniques","author":"Maggs","year":"2008"},{"key":"ref9","series-title":"Miller's anatomy of the dog","first-page":"122","article-title":"The skeleton","author":"Evans","year":"1993"},{"key":"ref10","series-title":"Anat Histol Embryol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1439-0264.2003.00464.x","article-title":"The course of the nasolacrimal duct in brachycephalic cats","volume":"32","author":"Breit","year":"2003"},{"key":"ref11","series-title":"Current veterinary therapy IX","first-page":"634","article-title":"Disorders of the lacrimal system","author":"Kern","year":"1986"},{"key":"ref12","series-title":"Ophthalmic disease in veterinary medicine","first-page":"219","article-title":"Lacrimal system","author":"Martin","year":"2005"},{"key":"ref13","series-title":"Arch Ophthalmol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1961.00960010113025","article-title":"An anatomical approach to problems of the eyelids and lacrimal apparatus","volume":"66","author":"Jones","year":"1961"},{"key":"ref14","series-title":"Arch Ophthalmol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1654","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1979.01020020222007","article-title":"Lacrimal function tests","volume":"97","author":"Hornblass","year":"1979"},{"key":"ref15","series-title":"Ophthalmology","first-page":"612","article-title":"Lacrimal testing. Age as a factor in Jones testing","volume":"101","author":"Hagele","year":"1994"},{"key":"ref16","series-title":"Am J Ophthalmol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9394(72)91141-5","article-title":"Lacrimal drainage function. 1. The Jones fluorescein test","volume":"74","author":"Zappia","year":"1972"},{"key":"ref17","series-title":"Ophthalmology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1875","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(97)30013-X","article-title":"Clinical and radiologic lacrimal testing in patients with epiphora","volume":"104","author":"Guzek","year":"1997"},{"key":"ref18","series-title":"Ophthal Plast Reconstr Surg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1097\/IOP.0b013e31803e1744","article-title":"Assessing patients with epiphora who are patent to syringing: clinical predictors of response to dacryocystorhinostomy","volume":"23","author":"O'Donnell","year":"2007"},{"key":"ref19","series-title":"Ophthal Plast Reconstr Surg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1097\/00002341-199412000-00006","article-title":"The effect of fluorescein volume on lacrimal outflow transit time","volume":"10","author":"Tucker","year":"1994"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Veterinary Research"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/view\/journals\/ajvr\/71\/5\/ajvr.71.5.570.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/ajvr\/71\/5\/ajvr.71.5.570.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/ajvr\/71\/5\/ajvr.71.5.570.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,7]],"date-time":"2025-03-07T12:24:05Z","timestamp":1741350245000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/view\/journals\/ajvr\/71\/5\/ajvr.71.5.570.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010,5]]},"references-count":19,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2460\/ajvr.71.5.570","relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-9645"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0002-9645","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2010,5]]}}}