{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,6]],"date-time":"2025-08-06T13:52:48Z","timestamp":1754488368685,"version":"3.38.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["ajvr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Objective<\/jats:bold>\u2014To determine the anesthetic-sparing effects of perzinfotel when administered as a preanesthetic via IV, IM, or SC routes or IM in combination with butorphanol.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Animals<\/jats:bold>\u20146 healthy sexually intact Beagles (4 males and 2 females; age, 18.5 to 31 months; body weight, 9.8 to 12.4 kg).<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Procedures<\/jats:bold>\u2014After administration of a placebo, perzinfotel (10 to 30 mg\/kg), or a perzinfotel-butorphanol combination, anesthesia was induced in dogs with propofol and maintained with isoflurane in oxygen. The following variables were continuously monitored: bispectral index; heart rate; systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial blood pressures; end-tidal concentration of isoflurane; end-tidal partial pressure of CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>; oxygen saturation as measured by pulse oximetry; rectal temperature; and inspiration and expiration concentrations of isoflurane. A noxious stimulation protocol was used, and the minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) was determined twice during anesthesia.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>\u2014IV, IM, and SC administration of perzinfotel alone decreased the mean isoflurane MAC values by 32% to 44% and significantly increased bispectral index values. A dose of 30 mg of perzinfotel\/kg IM resulted in significant increases in heart rate and diastolic arterial blood pressure. The greatest MAC reduction (59%) was obtained with a combination of 20 mg of perzinfotel\/kg IM and 0.2 mg of butorphanol\/kg IM, whereas administration of butorphanol alone yielded a 15% reduction in the isoflurane MAC.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions and Clinical Relevance<\/jats:bold>\u2014SC, IM, or IV administration of perzinfotel prior to induction of isoflurane anesthesia improved anesthetic safety by reducing inhalant anesthetic requirements in healthy dogs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.71.6.604","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,6,1]],"date-time":"2010-06-01T07:06:16Z","timestamp":1275375976000},"page":"604-609","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Effects of perzinfotel on the minimum alveolar concentration of isoflurane in dogs when administered as a preanesthetic via various routes or in combination with butorphanol"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"71","author":[{"given":"Raphael J.","family":"Zwijnenberg","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carlos L.","family":"del Rio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robert A.","family":"Pollet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"William W.","family":"Muir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"key":"ref1","series-title":"Anesth Analg","first-page":"1108","article-title":"The role of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors in pain: a review","volume":"97","author":"Petrenko","year":"2003"},{"key":"ref2","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.228.1.53","article-title":"Prevention of central sensitization and pain by N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor 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