{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]],"date-time":"2026-04-09T21:10:48Z","timestamp":1775769048765,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":76,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["ajvr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,6]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n Objective<\/jats:bold>\n \u2014To evaluate alterations in ligand-stimulated activity of G proteins in thyroid gland cells of hyperthyroid cats.\n <\/jats:p>\n \n Sample Population<\/jats:bold>\n \u2014Membranes of thyroid gland cells isolated from 5 hyperthyroid cats and 3 age-matched euthyroid (control) cats immediately after the cats were euthanatized.\n <\/jats:p>\n \n Procedures<\/jats:bold>\n \u2014Isolated thyroid cell membranes were treated with thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), and activation of G protein was quantified by measurement of the binding of guanosine triphosphate \u03b3 labeled with sulfur 35 (GTP\u03b3\n 35<\/jats:sup>\n S). The separate effects of G-protein inhibitory (G\n i<\/jats:sub>\n ) and G-protein stimulatory (G\n s<\/jats:sub>\n ) proteins were determined by the use of pertussis toxin and cholera toxin, respectively.\n <\/jats:p>\n \n Results<\/jats:bold>\n \u2014Thyroid cell membranes from hyperthyroid cats had higher basal GTP\u03b3\n 35<\/jats:sup>\n S binding than did thyroid cell membranes from euthyroid cats. Thyroid cell membranes from hyperthyroid and euthyroid cats had a concentration-dependent increase in TSH-stimulated GTP\u03b3\n 35<\/jats:sup>\n S binding over the TSH range of 0 to 100 mU\/mL, with maximal activity at 1 to 100 mU\/mL for both. The percentage increase in GTP\u03b3\n 35<\/jats:sup>\n S binding stimulated by TSH was similar in magnitude between the membranes from hyperthyroid and euthyroid cats. The TSH-stimulated activation of G\n s<\/jats:sub>\n and G\n i<\/jats:sub>\n was not different between euthyroid and hyperthyroid cats.\n <\/jats:p>\n \n Conclusions and Clinical Relevance<\/jats:bold>\n \u2014Ligand-stimulated activation of G proteins was the same in thyroid cell membranes obtained from hyperthyroid and euthyroid cats. Therefore, alterations in inherent G\n s<\/jats:sub>\n or G\n i<\/jats:sub>\n activities did not appear to be part of the pathogenesis of hyperthyroidism in cats.\n <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.71.6.643","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,6,1]],"date-time":"2010-06-01T03:06:16Z","timestamp":1275361576000},"page":"643-648","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Evaluation of activation of G proteins in response to thyroid stimulating hormone in thyroid gland cells from euthyroid and hyperthyroid cats"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"71","author":[{"given":"Cynthia R.","family":"Ward","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"William R.","family":"Windham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Darrell","family":"Dise","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"key":"ref1","series-title":"The cat: diseases and clinical management","first-page":"1107","article-title":"Endocrine diseases","author":"Peterson","year":"1989"},{"key":"ref2","series-title":"J Small Anim Pract","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-5827.1982.tb01629.x","article-title":"Toxic nodular goitre in the cat","volume":"23","author":"Hoenig","year":"1982"},{"key":"ref3","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"103","article-title":"Feline hyperthyroidism: pretreatment clinical and laboratory evaluation of 131 cases","volume":"183","author":"Peterson","year":"1983"},{"key":"ref4","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"879","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.2004.224.879","article-title":"Epidemiologic study of relationships between consumption of commercial canned food and risk of hyperthyroidism in cats","volume":"224","author":"Edinboro","year":"2004"},{"key":"ref5","series-title":"J Clin Invest","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI113097","article-title":"Autonomy of growth and of iodine metabolism in hyperthyroid feline goiters transplanted onto nude mice","volume":"80","author":"Peter","year":"1987"},{"key":"ref6","series-title":"Thyroid","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.1991.1.331","article-title":"Autonomous growth and function of cultured thyroid follicles from cats with spontaneous hyperthyroidism","volume":"1","author":"Peter","year":"1991"},{"key":"ref7","series-title":"Vet Immunol Immunopathol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-2427(87)90024-9","article-title":"Lack of circulating thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins in cats with hyperthyroidism","volume":"16","author":"Peterson","year":"1987"},{"key":"ref8","series-title":"Endocrinology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1210\/endo.143.2.8622","article-title":"Cloning of the cat TSH receptor and evidence against an autoimmune etiology of feline hyperthyroidism","volume":"143","author":"Nguyen","year":"2002"},{"key":"ref9","series-title":"Prev Vet Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-5877(88)90041-4","article-title":"Feline hyperthyroidism: a descriptive and case-control study","volume":"6","author":"Scarlett","year":"1988"},{"key":"ref10","series-title":"J Vet Intern Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.1999.tb02189.x","article-title":"Evaluation of environmental, nutritional, and host factors in cats with hyperthyroidism","volume":"13","author":"Kass","year":"1999"},{"key":"ref11","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"853","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.2000.217.853","article-title":"Evaluation of dietary and environmental risk factors for hyperthyroidism in cats","volume":"217","author":"Martin","year":"2000"},{"key":"ref12","series-title":"Environ Sci Technol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6350","DOI":"10.1021\/es0708159","article-title":"Elevated PBDE levels in pet cats: sentinels for humans","volume":"41","author":"Dye","year":"2007"},{"issue":"(suppl 3)","key":"ref13","series-title":"Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes","first-page":"43","article-title":"Transgenic models for proliferative and hyperfunctional thyroid diseases","volume":"104","author":"Ledent","year":"1996"},{"key":"ref14","series-title":"Endocrinology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3133","DOI":"10.1210\/endo.138.8.5347","article-title":"Thyroid-specific expression of cholera toxin A1 subunit causes thyroid hyperplasia and hyperthyroidism in transgenic mice","volume":"138","author":"Zeiger","year":"1997"},{"key":"ref15","series-title":"Surg Clin North Am","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1016\/S0039-6109(16)46631-4","article-title":"Thyroid growth factors, signal transduction pathways, and oncogenes","volume":"75","author":"Duh","year":"1995"},{"key":"ref16","series-title":"Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1038\/nrm2299","article-title":"Heterotrimeric G protein activation by G-protein-coupled receptors","volume":"9","author":"Oldham","year":"2008"},{"key":"ref17","series-title":"Eur J Biochem","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1432-1033.1989.tb15266.x","article-title":"Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor-stimulated binding of guanosine 5\u2032-O-(3-thiotriphosphate) to guanine-nucleotide-binding proteins in cardiac membranes","volume":"186","author":"Hilf","year":"1989"},{"key":"ref18","series-title":"J Biol Chem","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14061","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(19)49678-6","article-title":"Activation of a Gi protein in mouse sperm membranes by solubilized proteins of the zona pellucida, the egg's extracellular matrix","volume":"267","author":"Ward","year":"1992"},{"key":"ref19","series-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.93.1.116","article-title":"The human thyrotropin receptor: a heptahelical receptor capable of stimulating members of all four G protein families","volume":"93","author":"Laugwitz","year":"1996"},{"key":"ref20","series-title":"Protein Sci","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1002\/pro.5560030102","article-title":"G proteins: critical control points for transmembrane signals","volume":"3","author":"Neer","year":"1994"},{"key":"ref21","series-title":"Methods in enzymology","first-page":"257","article-title":"ADP-ribosylation of G proteins with pertussis toxin","volume":"Vol 195","author":"Kopf","year":"1990"},{"key":"ref22","series-title":"Jpn J Cancer Res","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"737","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1349-7006.1995.tb02462.x","article-title":"Point mutations of ras and Gs alpha subunit genes in thyroid tumors","volume":"86","author":"Horie","year":"1995"},{"key":"ref23","series-title":"Cell Mol Life Sci","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1301","DOI":"10.1007\/PL00000941","article-title":"The TSH receptor and its role in thyroid disease","volume":"58","author":"Kopp","year":"2001"},{"key":"ref24","series-title":"Oncogene","first-page":"3647","article-title":"Expression of mutationally activated Gs alpha stimulates growth and differentiation of thyroid FRTL5 cells","volume":"9","author":"Muca","year":"1994"},{"key":"ref25","series-title":"Nature","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1038\/365649a0","article-title":"Somatic mutations in the thyrotropin receptor gene cause hyperfunctioning thyroid adenomas","volume":"365","author":"Parma","year":"1993"},{"key":"ref26","series-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab","first-page":"2695","article-title":"Diversity and prevalence of somatic mutations in the thyrotropin receptor and Gs alpha genes as a cause of toxic thyroid adenomas","volume":"82","author":"Parma","year":"1997"},{"key":"ref27","series-title":"Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am","first-page":"151","article-title":"Toxic nodular goiter. Toxic adenoma and toxic multinodular goiter","volume":"27","author":"Siegel","year":"1998"},{"key":"ref28","series-title":"Endocr Rev","first-page":"411","article-title":"Mechanisms of nonneoplastic endocrine hyperplasia\u2014a changing concept: a review focused on the thyroid gland","volume":"16","author":"Studer","year":"1995"},{"key":"ref29","series-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab","first-page":"2577","article-title":"Genetic basis of endocrine disease, somatic and germline mutations of the TSH receptor gene in thyroid diseases","volume":"80","author":"Van Sande","year":"1995"},{"key":"ref30","series-title":"J Endocrinol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1677\/joe.0.1320477","article-title":"Modification of the amounts of G proteins and of the activity of adenylyl cyclase in human benign thyroid tumours","volume":"132","author":"Delemer","year":"1992"},{"key":"ref31","series-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1609","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.90.4.1609","article-title":"Stimulation of human thyroid growth via the inhibitory guanine nucleotide binding (G) protein Gi: constitutive expression of the G protein alpha subunit Gia1 in autonomous adenoma","volume":"90","author":"Selzer","year":"1993"},{"key":"ref32","series-title":"Am J Vet Res","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"874","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.2000.61.874","article-title":"Altered expression of G proteins in thyroid gland adenomas obtained from hyperthyroid cats","volume":"61","author":"Hammer","year":"2000"},{"key":"ref33","series-title":"Am J Vet Res","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1478","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.2005.66.1478","article-title":"Expression of inhibitory G proteins in adenomatous thyroid glands obtained from hyperthyroid cats","volume":"66","author":"Ward","year":"2005"},{"key":"ref34","series-title":"Thyroid","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2005.15.114","article-title":"Thyrotropin-stimulated DNA synthesis and thyroglobulin expression in normal and hyperthyroid feline thyrocytes in monolayer culture","volume":"15","author":"Ward","year":"2005"},{"key":"ref35","series-title":"Endocrinology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1210\/endo.137.1.8536648","article-title":"Ras inhibits thyroglobulin expression but not cyclic adenosine monophosphate-mediated signaling in Wistar rat thyrocytes","volume":"137","author":"Kupperman","year":"1996"},{"key":"ref36","series-title":"J Biol Chem","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6491","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)68669-7","article-title":"Mastoparan, a peptide toxin from wasp venom, mimics receptors by activating GTP-binding regulatory proteins (G proteins)","volume":"263","author":"Higashijima","year":"1988"},{"key":"ref37","series-title":"Am J Vet Res","first-page":"987","article-title":"Serum thyroxine and triio-dothyronine responses of hyperthyroid cats to thyrotropin","volume":"57","author":"Mooney","year":"1996"},{"key":"ref38","series-title":"Thyroid","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"923","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.1997.7.923","article-title":"Mutational analysis of the thyrotropin receptor gene in sporadic and familial feline thyrotoxicosis","volume":"7","author":"Pearce","year":"1997"},{"key":"ref1","series-title":"The cat: diseases and clinical management","first-page":"1107","article-title":"Endocrine diseases","author":"Peterson","year":"1989"},{"key":"ref2","series-title":"J Small Anim Pract","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-5827.1982.tb01629.x","article-title":"Toxic nodular goitre in the cat","volume":"23","author":"Hoenig","year":"1982"},{"key":"ref3","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"103","article-title":"Feline hyperthyroidism: pretreatment clinical and laboratory evaluation of 131 cases","volume":"183","author":"Peterson","year":"1983"},{"key":"ref4","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"879","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.2004.224.879","article-title":"Epidemiologic study of relationships between consumption of commercial canned food and risk of hyperthyroidism in cats","volume":"224","author":"Edinboro","year":"2004"},{"key":"ref5","series-title":"J Clin Invest","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI113097","article-title":"Autonomy of growth and of iodine metabolism in hyperthyroid feline goiters transplanted onto nude mice","volume":"80","author":"Peter","year":"1987"},{"key":"ref6","series-title":"Thyroid","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.1991.1.331","article-title":"Autonomous growth and function of cultured thyroid follicles from cats with spontaneous hyperthyroidism","volume":"1","author":"Peter","year":"1991"},{"key":"ref7","series-title":"Vet Immunol Immunopathol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-2427(87)90024-9","article-title":"Lack of circulating thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins in cats with hyperthyroidism","volume":"16","author":"Peterson","year":"1987"},{"key":"ref8","series-title":"Endocrinology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1210\/endo.143.2.8622","article-title":"Cloning of the cat TSH receptor and evidence against an autoimmune etiology of feline hyperthyroidism","volume":"143","author":"Nguyen","year":"2002"},{"key":"ref9","series-title":"Prev Vet Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-5877(88)90041-4","article-title":"Feline hyperthyroidism: a descriptive and case-control study","volume":"6","author":"Scarlett","year":"1988"},{"key":"ref10","series-title":"J Vet Intern Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.1999.tb02189.x","article-title":"Evaluation of environmental, nutritional, and host factors in cats with hyperthyroidism","volume":"13","author":"Kass","year":"1999"},{"key":"ref11","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"853","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.2000.217.853","article-title":"Evaluation of dietary and environmental risk factors for hyperthyroidism in cats","volume":"217","author":"Martin","year":"2000"},{"key":"ref12","series-title":"Environ Sci Technol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6350","DOI":"10.1021\/es0708159","article-title":"Elevated PBDE levels in pet cats: sentinels for humans","volume":"41","author":"Dye","year":"2007"},{"issue":"(suppl 3)","key":"ref13","series-title":"Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes","first-page":"43","article-title":"Transgenic models for proliferative and hyperfunctional thyroid diseases","volume":"104","author":"Ledent","year":"1996"},{"key":"ref14","series-title":"Endocrinology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3133","DOI":"10.1210\/endo.138.8.5347","article-title":"Thyroid-specific expression of cholera toxin A1 subunit causes thyroid hyperplasia and hyperthyroidism in transgenic mice","volume":"138","author":"Zeiger","year":"1997"},{"key":"ref15","series-title":"Surg Clin North Am","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1016\/S0039-6109(16)46631-4","article-title":"Thyroid growth factors, signal transduction pathways, and oncogenes","volume":"75","author":"Duh","year":"1995"},{"key":"ref16","series-title":"Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1038\/nrm2299","article-title":"Heterotrimeric G protein activation by G-protein-coupled receptors","volume":"9","author":"Oldham","year":"2008"},{"key":"ref17","series-title":"Eur J Biochem","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1432-1033.1989.tb15266.x","article-title":"Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor-stimulated binding of guanosine 5\u2032-O-(3-thiotriphosphate) to guanine-nucleotide-binding proteins in cardiac membranes","volume":"186","author":"Hilf","year":"1989"},{"key":"ref18","series-title":"J Biol Chem","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14061","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(19)49678-6","article-title":"Activation of a Gi protein in mouse sperm membranes by solubilized proteins of the zona pellucida, the egg's extracellular matrix","volume":"267","author":"Ward","year":"1992"},{"key":"ref19","series-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.93.1.116","article-title":"The human thyrotropin receptor: a heptahelical receptor capable of stimulating members of all four G protein families","volume":"93","author":"Laugwitz","year":"1996"},{"key":"ref20","series-title":"Protein Sci","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1002\/pro.5560030102","article-title":"G proteins: critical control points for transmembrane signals","volume":"3","author":"Neer","year":"1994"},{"key":"ref21","series-title":"Methods in enzymology","first-page":"257","article-title":"ADP-ribosylation of G proteins with pertussis toxin","volume":"Vol 195","author":"Kopf","year":"1990"},{"key":"ref22","series-title":"Jpn J Cancer Res","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"737","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1349-7006.1995.tb02462.x","article-title":"Point mutations of ras and Gs alpha subunit genes in thyroid tumors","volume":"86","author":"Horie","year":"1995"},{"key":"ref23","series-title":"Cell Mol Life Sci","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1301","DOI":"10.1007\/PL00000941","article-title":"The TSH receptor and its role in thyroid disease","volume":"58","author":"Kopp","year":"2001"},{"key":"ref24","series-title":"Oncogene","first-page":"3647","article-title":"Expression of mutationally activated Gs alpha stimulates growth and differentiation of thyroid FRTL5 cells","volume":"9","author":"Muca","year":"1994"},{"key":"ref25","series-title":"Nature","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1038\/365649a0","article-title":"Somatic mutations in the thyrotropin receptor gene cause hyperfunctioning thyroid adenomas","volume":"365","author":"Parma","year":"1993"},{"key":"ref26","series-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab","first-page":"2695","article-title":"Diversity and prevalence of somatic mutations in the thyrotropin receptor and Gs alpha genes as a cause of toxic thyroid adenomas","volume":"82","author":"Parma","year":"1997"},{"key":"ref27","series-title":"Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am","first-page":"151","article-title":"Toxic nodular goiter. Toxic adenoma and toxic multinodular goiter","volume":"27","author":"Siegel","year":"1998"},{"key":"ref28","series-title":"Endocr Rev","first-page":"411","article-title":"Mechanisms of nonneoplastic endocrine hyperplasia\u2014a changing concept: a review focused on the thyroid gland","volume":"16","author":"Studer","year":"1995"},{"key":"ref29","series-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab","first-page":"2577","article-title":"Genetic basis of endocrine disease, somatic and germline mutations of the TSH receptor gene in thyroid diseases","volume":"80","author":"Van Sande","year":"1995"},{"key":"ref30","series-title":"J Endocrinol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1677\/joe.0.1320477","article-title":"Modification of the amounts of G proteins and of the activity of adenylyl cyclase in human benign thyroid tumours","volume":"132","author":"Delemer","year":"1992"},{"key":"ref31","series-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1609","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.90.4.1609","article-title":"Stimulation of human thyroid growth via the inhibitory guanine nucleotide binding (G) protein Gi: constitutive expression of the G protein alpha subunit Gia1 in autonomous adenoma","volume":"90","author":"Selzer","year":"1993"},{"key":"ref32","series-title":"Am J Vet Res","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"874","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.2000.61.874","article-title":"Altered expression of G proteins in thyroid gland adenomas obtained from hyperthyroid cats","volume":"61","author":"Hammer","year":"2000"},{"key":"ref33","series-title":"Am J Vet Res","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1478","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.2005.66.1478","article-title":"Expression of inhibitory G proteins in adenomatous thyroid glands obtained from hyperthyroid cats","volume":"66","author":"Ward","year":"2005"},{"key":"ref34","series-title":"Thyroid","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2005.15.114","article-title":"Thyrotropin-stimulated DNA synthesis and thyroglobulin expression in normal and hyperthyroid feline thyrocytes in monolayer culture","volume":"15","author":"Ward","year":"2005"},{"key":"ref35","series-title":"Endocrinology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1210\/endo.137.1.8536648","article-title":"Ras inhibits thyroglobulin expression but not cyclic adenosine monophosphate-mediated signaling in Wistar rat thyrocytes","volume":"137","author":"Kupperman","year":"1996"},{"key":"ref36","series-title":"J Biol Chem","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6491","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)68669-7","article-title":"Mastoparan, a peptide toxin from wasp venom, mimics receptors by activating GTP-binding regulatory proteins (G proteins)","volume":"263","author":"Higashijima","year":"1988"},{"key":"ref37","series-title":"Am J Vet Res","first-page":"987","article-title":"Serum thyroxine and triio-dothyronine responses of hyperthyroid cats to thyrotropin","volume":"57","author":"Mooney","year":"1996"},{"key":"ref38","series-title":"Thyroid","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"923","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.1997.7.923","article-title":"Mutational analysis of the thyrotropin receptor gene in sporadic and familial feline thyrotoxicosis","volume":"7","author":"Pearce","year":"1997"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Veterinary Research"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/view\/journals\/ajvr\/71\/6\/ajvr.71.6.643.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/ajvr\/71\/6\/ajvr.71.6.643.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/ajvr\/71\/6\/ajvr.71.6.643.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]],"date-time":"2026-04-09T20:10:14Z","timestamp":1775765414000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/view\/journals\/ajvr\/71\/6\/ajvr.71.6.643.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010,6]]},"references-count":76,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2460\/ajvr.71.6.643","relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-9645"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0002-9645","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2010,6]]}}}