{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T01:45:45Z","timestamp":1793065545657,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"7","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["ajvr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Objective<\/jats:bold>\u2014To compare macrostructural and microstructural features of proximal sesamoid bones (PSBs) from horses with and without PSB midbody fracture to gain insight into the pathogenesis of PSB fracture.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Sample Population<\/jats:bold>\u2014PSBs from 16 Thoroughbred racehorses (8 with and 8 without a PSB midbody fracture).<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Procedures<\/jats:bold>\u2014Parasagittal sections of fractured and contralateral intact PSBs from horses with a PSB fracture and an intact PSB from age- and sex-matched control horses without a PSB fracture were evaluated for visual, radiographic, microradiographic, histologic, and his-tomorphometric differences in bone porosity, vascular channels, heme pigment, trabecular anisotropy, and pathological findings.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>\u2014Fractured PSBs and their contralateral intact PSBs had more compacted trabecular bone than did control PSBs. Focal repair or remodeling was evident in the palmar aspect of many fractured and contralateral intact PSBs. Fracture coincided with microstructural features and propagated from the flexor to the articular surface.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions and Clinical Relevance<\/jats:bold>\u2014Fractured PSBs had adapted to high loading but had focal evidence of excessive remodeling and porosity that likely predisposed the horses to complete fracture and catastrophic injury. Detection of focal injury before complete fracture provides an opportunity for prevention of catastrophic injury. Development of diagnostic imaging methods to assess porosity of PSBs may help to identify at-risk horses and allow for modifications of training and racing schedules to reduce the incidence of PSB fracture in Thoroughbred racehorses.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.71.7.755","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,7,1]],"date-time":"2010-07-01T20:33:46Z","timestamp":1278016426000},"page":"755-765","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":48,"title":["Comparison of macrostructural and microstructural bone features in Thoroughbred racehorses with and without midbody fracture of the proximal sesamoid bone"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"71","author":[{"given":"Lucy A.","family":"Anthenill","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ian A.","family":"Gardner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roy R.","family":"Pool","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tanya C.","family":"Garcia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susan M.","family":"Stover","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"key":"ref1","series-title":"Equine Vet J","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-3306.1994.tb04395.x","article-title":"Causes of death in racehorses over a 2 year period","volume":"26","author":"Johnson","year":"1994"},{"key":"ref2","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"92","article-title":"Fatal musculoskeletal injuries incurred during racing and training in Thoroughbreds","volume":"208","author":"Estberg","year":"1996"},{"key":"ref3","series-title":"Am J Vet Res","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"858","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.67.5.858","article-title":"Association between findings on palmarodorsal radiographic images and detection of a fracture in the proximal sesamoid bones of forelimbs obtained from cadavers of racing Thoroughbreds","volume":"67","author":"Anthenill","year":"2006"},{"key":"ref4","series-title":"California Horse Racing Board Postmortem Examination Program annual report","first-page":"10","article-title":"California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory System and the J.D. 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