{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T03:53:44Z","timestamp":1787025224752,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"8","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["ajvr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Objective<\/jats:bold>\n                    \u2014To evaluate the effects of 10 cm H\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    O of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) on lung aeration and gas exchange in mechanically ventilated sheep during general anesthesia induced and maintained with propofol.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Animals<\/jats:bold>\n                    \u201410 healthy adult Bergamasca sheep.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Procedures<\/jats:bold>\n                    \u2014Sheep were sedated with diazepam (0.4 mg\/kg, IV). Anesthesia was induced with propofol (5 mg\/kg, IV) and maintained with propofol via constant rate infusion (0.4 mg\/kg\/min). Muscular paralysis was induced by administration of vecuronium (25 \u03bcg\/kg, bolus IV) to facilitate mechanical ventilation. After intubation, sheep were positioned in right lateral recumbency and mechanically ventilated with pure oxygen and zero end-expiratory pressure (ZEEP). After 60 minutes, 10 cm H\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    O of PEEP was applied for 20 minutes. Spiral computed tomography of the thorax was performed, and data were recorded for hemodynamic and gas exchange variables and indicators of respiratory mechanics after 15 (T\n                    <jats:sub>15<\/jats:sub>\n                    ), 30 (T\n                    <jats:sub>30<\/jats:sub>\n                    ), and 60 (T\n                    <jats:sub>60<\/jats:sub>\n                    ) minutes of ZEEP and after 20 minutes of PEEP (T\n                    <jats:sub>PEEP<\/jats:sub>\n                    ). Computed tomography images were analyzed to determine the extent of atelectasis before and after PEEP application.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>\n                    \u2014At T\n                    <jats:sub>PEEP<\/jats:sub>\n                    , the volume of poorly aerated and atelectatic compartments was significantly smaller than at T\n                    <jats:sub>15<\/jats:sub>\n                    , T\n                    <jats:sub>30<\/jats:sub>\n                    , and T\n                    <jats:sub>60<\/jats:sub>\n                    , which indicated that there was PEEP-induced alveolar recruitment and clearance of anesthesia-induced atelectasis. Arterial oxygenation and static respiratory system compliance were significantly improved by use of PEEP.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Conclusions and Clinical Relevance<\/jats:bold>\n                    \u2014Pulmonary atelectasis can develop in anesthetized and mechanically ventilated sheep breathing pure oxygen; application of 10 cm H\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    O of PEEP significantly improved lung aeration and gas exchange.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.71.8.867","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,8,16]],"date-time":"2010-08-16T12:51:34Z","timestamp":1281963094000},"page":"867-874","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Effects of positive end-expiratory pressure on anesthesia-induced atelectasis and gas exchange in anesthetized and mechanically ventilated sheep"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"71","author":[{"given":"Francesco","family":"Staffieri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bernd","family":"Driessen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valentina De","family":"Monte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Salvatore","family":"Grasso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Crovace","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"key":"ref1","series-title":"Lumb and Jones' veterinary anesthesia","first-page":"117","article-title":"Respiratory system","author":"McDonell","year":"2007"},{"key":"ref2","series-title":"Anesthesiology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"832","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-199504000-00004","article-title":"Influence of gas composition on recurrence of atelectasis after a reexpansion maneuver during general anesthesia","volume":"82","author":"Rothen","year":"1995"},{"key":"ref3","series-title":"Equine Vet J","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.2746\/042516409X416198","article-title":"Pulmonary gas exchange in anaesthetised horses mechanically ventilated with oxygen or a helium\/oxygen mixture","volume":"41","author":"Staffieri","year":"2009"},{"key":"ref4","series-title":"Am J Vet Res","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"925","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.68.9.925","article-title":"Computed tomographic analysis of the effects of two inspired oxygen concentrations on pulmonary aeration in anesthetized and mechanically ventilated dogs","volume":"68","author":"Staffieri","year":"2007"},{"key":"ref5","series-title":"Anesthesiology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"838","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-200504000-00021","article-title":"Pulmonary atelectasis: a pathogenic perioperative entity","volume":"102","author":"Duggan","year":"2005"},{"key":"ref6","series-title":"J Appl Physiol","first-page":"606","article-title":"Rate of gas absorption during atelectasis","volume":"70","author":"Dale","year":"1952"},{"key":"ref7","series-title":"J Appl Physiol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"886","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1975.38.5.886","article-title":"Instability of lung units with low Va\/Q ratios during O2 breathing","volume":"38","author":"Dantzker","year":"1975"},{"key":"ref8","series-title":"Nunn's applied respiratory physiology","first-page":"297","article-title":"Applied physiology. Anaesthesia","author":"Lumb","year":"2005"},{"key":"ref9","series-title":"J Appl Physiol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1822","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1996.81.4.1822","article-title":"V\/Q distribution and correlation to atelectasis in anesthetized paralyzed humans","volume":"81","author":"Tokics","year":"1996"},{"key":"ref10","series-title":"Crit Care Clin","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2006.11.016","article-title":"Physiology of mechanical ventilation","volume":"23","author":"Haitsma","year":"2007"},{"key":"ref11","series-title":"Acta Anaesthesiol Scand","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1399-6576.1999.430309.x","article-title":"Positive end-expiratory pressure prevents atelectasis during general anaesthesia even in the presence of high inspired oxygen concentration","volume":"43","author":"Neumann","year":"1999"},{"key":"ref12","series-title":"Br J Anaesth","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"788","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/71.6.788","article-title":"Re-expansion of atelectasis during general anaesthesia: a computed tomography study","volume":"71","author":"Rothen","year":"1993"},{"key":"ref13","series-title":"Paediatr Anaesth","first-page":"225","article-title":"Pulmonary atelectasis during paediatric anaesthesia: CT scan evaluation and effect of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP)","volume":"9","author":"Serafini","year":"1999"},{"key":"ref14","series-title":"Anesthesiology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-198702000-00009","article-title":"Lung collapse and gas exchange during general anesthesia: effects of spontaneous breathing, muscle paralysis, and positive end-expiratory pressure","volume":"66","author":"Tokics","year":"1987"},{"key":"ref15","series-title":"Arch Surg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1001\/archsurg.1975.01360100037007","article-title":"Variability of effect of positive end expiratory pressure","volume":"110","author":"Horton","year":"1975"},{"key":"ref16","series-title":"Chest","first-page":"496","article-title":"Hemodynamic and myocardial metabolic consequences of PEEP","volume":"86","author":"Tittley","year":"1985"},{"key":"ref17","series-title":"Lumb and Jones' veterinary anesthesia","first-page":"731","article-title":"Ruminants","author":"Riebold","year":"2007"},{"key":"ref18","series-title":"Eur Respir J","first-page":"528","article-title":"Pulmonary densities during anaesthesia. An experimental study on lung morphology and gas exchange","volume":"2","author":"Hedenstierna","year":"1989"},{"key":"ref19","series-title":"Br J Anaesth","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/80.5.665","article-title":"Computed tomography and pulmonary measurements","volume":"80","author":"Drummond","year":"1998"},{"key":"ref20","series-title":"Br J Anaesth","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"760","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/76.6.760","article-title":"Volumetric analysis of aeration in the lung during general anaesthesia","volume":"76","author":"Reber","year":"1996"},{"key":"ref21","series-title":"Intensive Care Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-003-2109-0","article-title":"Lung volume in mechanically ventilated patients: measurement by simplified helium dilution compared to quantitative CT scan","volume":"30","author":"Patroniti","year":"2004"},{"key":"ref22","series-title":"Anesthesiology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-198504000-00009","article-title":"Pulmonary densities during anesthesia with muscular relaxation. A proposal of atelectasis","volume":"62","author":"Brismar","year":"1985"},{"key":"ref23","series-title":"Vet Anaesth Analg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-2995.2007.00374.x","article-title":"Cardiovascular and autonomic nervous effects of edrophonium and atropine combinations during neuromuscular blockade antagonism in sheep","volume":"35","author":"Clutton","year":"2008"},{"key":"ref24","series-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis","first-page":"166","article-title":"Occult positive end-expiratory pressure in mechanically ventilated patients with airflow obstruction: the auto-PEEP effect","volume":"126","author":"Pepe","year":"1982"},{"key":"ref25","series-title":"Intensive Care Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1504","DOI":"10.1007\/s001340101049","article-title":"Assessment of PEEP-induced reopening of collapsed lung regions in acute lung injury: are one or three CT sections representative of the entire lung","volume":"27","author":"Lu","year":"2001"},{"key":"ref26","series-title":"Lab Anim Sci","first-page":"589","article-title":"Relationship of functional residual capacity and various body measurements in normal sheep","volume":"42","author":"Mundie","year":"1992"},{"key":"ref27","series-title":"Recent advances in anesthetic management of large domestic animals","article-title":"Focused supportive care: ventilation during ruminant anesthesia","author":"Pypendop","year":"2001"},{"key":"ref28","series-title":"J Appl Physiol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1537","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1995.78.4.1537","article-title":"Pathophysiological response of bovine diaphragm function to gastric distension","volume":"78","author":"Desmecht","year":"1995"},{"key":"ref29","series-title":"Chest Surg Clin N Am","first-page":"753","article-title":"Physiology of the lateral position and one-lung ventilation","volume":"7","author":"Cohen","year":"1997"},{"key":"ref30","series-title":"Can J Anaesth","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03018420","article-title":"Lung recruitment during general anesthesia","volume":"51","author":"Johnson","year":"2004"},{"key":"ref31","series-title":"Can J Anaesth","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03018433","article-title":"Alveolar recruitment improves ventilatory efficiency of the lungs during anesthesia","volume":"51","author":"Tusman","year":"2004"},{"key":"ref32","series-title":"Br J Anaesth","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/82.1.8","article-title":"\u201cAlveolar recruitment strategy\u201d improves arterial oxygenation during general anaesthesia","volume":"82","author":"Tusman","year":"1999"},{"key":"ref33","series-title":"Acta Anaesthesiol Scand","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1399-6576.2002.460615.x","article-title":"Effect of lung recruitment maneuver and positive end-expiratory pressure on lung volume, respiratory mechanics and alveolar gas mixing in patients ventilated after cardiac surgery","volume":"46","author":"Dyhr","year":"2002"},{"key":"ref34","series-title":"Acta Anaesthesiol Scand","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0001-5172.2004.00300.x","article-title":"Both lung recruitment maneuver and PEEP are needed to increase oxygenation and lung volume after cardiac surgery","volume":"48","author":"Dyhr","year":"2004"},{"key":"ref35","series-title":"Anesthesiology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-200301000-00006","article-title":"Effects of recruitment maneuver on atelectasis in anesthetized children","volume":"98","author":"Tusman","year":"2003"},{"key":"ref36","series-title":"Anesth Analg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1364","DOI":"10.1213\/01.ane.0000261503.29619.9c","article-title":"The impact of positive end-expiratory pressure on functional residual capacity and ventilation homogeneity impairment in anesthetized children exposed to high levels of inspired oxygen","volume":"104","author":"von Ungern-Sternberg","year":"2007"},{"key":"ref37","series-title":"Can J Anaesth","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03007630","article-title":"Perioperative functional residual capacity","volume":"38","author":"Wahba","year":"1991"},{"key":"ref38","series-title":"Am J Vet Res","first-page":"307","article-title":"Influence of tidal volume and positive end-expiratory pressure on inspiratory gas distribution and gas exchange during mechanical ventilation in horses positioned in lateral recumbency","volume":"59","author":"Moens","year":"1998"},{"key":"ref39","series-title":"Anesthesiology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-197312000-00007","article-title":"Function of each lung during mechanical ventilation with ZEEP and with PEEP in men anesthetized with thiopental-meperidine","volume":"39","author":"Rehder","year":"1973"},{"key":"ref40","series-title":"Br J Anaesth","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aeg085","article-title":"New concepts of atelectasis during general anaesthesia","volume":"91","author":"Magnusson","year":"2003"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Veterinary Research"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/view\/journals\/ajvr\/71\/8\/ajvr.71.8.867.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/ajvr\/71\/8\/ajvr.71.8.867.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/ajvr\/71\/8\/ajvr.71.8.867.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,7]],"date-time":"2025-03-07T07:24:33Z","timestamp":1741332273000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/view\/journals\/ajvr\/71\/8\/ajvr.71.8.867.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010,8]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2460\/ajvr.71.8.867","relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-9645"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0002-9645","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2010,8]]}}}