{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,8]],"date-time":"2025-03-08T05:23:11Z","timestamp":1741411391658,"version":"3.38.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"8","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["ajvr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Objective<\/jats:bold>\u2014To compare heat generation during insertion, pullout strength, and associated microdamage between a self-tapping positive profile transfixation pin (STTP) and nontapping positive profile transfixation pin (NTTP).<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Sample Population<\/jats:bold>\u201430 pairs of third metacarpal bones (MC3s) from adult equine cadavers.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Procedures<\/jats:bold>\u2014One MC3 of each pair was assigned to the STTP group; the other was assigned to the NTTP group. The assigned pin was inserted into the diaphysis in a lateral to medial direction. Bone temperature increase during pilot-hole drilling and pin insertion was recorded at 1 mm from the final thread position with wire thermocouples at cis and trans cortices. Resistance to axial extraction before and after cyclic loading was measured in a material testing device, and microstructural damage caused by transfixation pin insertion was assessed with scanning electron microscopy.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>\u2014The STTP group developed a significant increase in bone temperature, compared with the NTTP group. No significant difference was found between the mean maximal pullout strength of the STTP and the NTTP in both non\u2013cyclic-loaded and cyclic-loaded groups. Microdamage to the bone-pin interface was lower when the STTP versus the NTTP was used, but more bone debris was apparent after inserting the STTP.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusion and Clinical Relevance<\/jats:bold>\u2014Because of the significant increase in temperature generation and debris accumulation despite similar pullout strengths and lesser microfracture formation, the STTP likely poses a higher risk of bone necrosis and potential loosening than the NTTP. This might be corrected by redesign of the tapping aspect of the STTP.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.71.8.976","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,8,16]],"date-time":"2010-08-16T16:51:34Z","timestamp":1281977494000},"page":"976-981","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["In vitro comparison of two centrally threaded, positive-profile transfixation pin designs for use in third metacarpal bones in horses"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"71","author":[{"given":"Kirstin A.","family":"Bubeck","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 M.","family":"Garc\u00eda-Lopez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thomas M.","family":"Jenei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Louise S.","family":"Maranda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"key":"ref1","series-title":"Equine Vet J","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-3306.1991.tb02709.x","article-title":"The use of the walking cast to repair fractures in horses and ponies","volume":"23","author":"Nemeth","year":"1991"},{"key":"ref2","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.229.5.725","article-title":"Use of transfixation pin cast to treat adult horses with comminuted phalangeal fractures: 20 cases (1993\u20132003)","volume":"229","author":"Joyce","year":"2006"},{"key":"ref3","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1340","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.230.9.1340","article-title":"Evaluation of transfixation casting for treatment of third metacarpal, third metatarsal, and phalangeal fractures in horses: 37 cases (1994\u20132004)","volume":"230","author":"Lescun","year":"2007"},{"key":"ref4","series-title":"Vet Surg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-950X.2008.00461.x","article-title":"A tapered-sleeve transcortical pin external skeletal fixation device for use in horses: development, application, and experience","volume":"37","author":"Nunamaker","year":"2008"},{"key":"ref5","series-title":"Vet Surg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-950X.1986.tb00216.x","article-title":"Effect of fixation pin insertion on the bone-pin interface","volume":"15","author":"Egger","year":"1986"},{"key":"ref6","series-title":"Compend Contin Educ Pract Vet","first-page":"1054","article-title":"Managing equine fractures with external skeletal fixation","volume":"17","author":"McClure","year":"1995"},{"key":"ref7","series-title":"J Am Assoc Hosp Assoc","first-page":"659","article-title":"Primary treatment of severe fractures by external skeletal fixation: threaded pins compared with smooth pins","volume":"22","author":"Aron","year":"1986"},{"key":"ref8","series-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1077","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-198466070-00015","article-title":"The thermal effect of skeletal fixation-Pin insertion in bone","volume":"66","author":"Matthews","year":"1984"},{"key":"ref9","series-title":"J Orthop Res","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.1100130418","article-title":"Thermal response and torque resistance of five cortical half-pins under simulated insertion technique","volume":"13","author":"Wikenheiser","year":"1995"},{"key":"ref10","series-title":"Vet Surg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-950X.1996.tb01443.x","article-title":"In vitro biomechanical and histological assessment of pilot hole diameter for positive-profile external skeletal fixation pins in canine tibiae","volume":"25","author":"Clary","year":"1996"},{"key":"ref11","series-title":"Equine surgery","first-page":"1000","article-title":"Principles of fracture repair","author":"Auer","year":"2006"},{"key":"ref12","series-title":"Am J Vet Res","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1298","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.2000.61.1298","article-title":"In vitro comparison of the use of two large-animal, centrally threaded, positiveprofile transfixation pin designs in the equine third metacarpal bone","volume":"61","author":"Morisset","year":"2000"},{"key":"ref13","series-title":"Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol","first-page":"1","article-title":"Enhancing external skeletal fixation pin performance: consideration of the pin-bone interface","volume":"8","author":"Clary","year":"1995"},{"key":"ref14","series-title":"Am J Vet Res","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1304","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.2000.61.1304","article-title":"In vitro comparison of metaphyseal and diaphyseal placement of centrally threaded, positive-profile transfixation pins in the equine third metacarpal bone","volume":"61","author":"McClure","year":"2000"},{"key":"ref15","series-title":"Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol","first-page":"20","article-title":"Studies on the external fixator pin-bone interface: the effect of pin design and pin cooling in an in vivo sheep tibia model","volume":"8","author":"Zaruby","year":"1995"},{"key":"ref16","series-title":"Am J Vet Res","first-page":"942","article-title":"Effect of feed rate and drill speed on temperatures in equine cortical bone","volume":"60","author":"Toews","year":"1999"},{"key":"ref17","series-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-197254020-00008","article-title":"Temperatures measured in human cortical bone when drilling","volume":"54","author":"Matthews","year":"1972"},{"key":"ref18","series-title":"Scand J Plast Reconstr Surg","first-page":"72","article-title":"Heart and bone tissue. An experimental investigation of the thermal properties of bone tissue and threshold levels for thermal injury","volume":"9","author":"Lundskog","year":"1972"},{"key":"ref19","series-title":"J Prosthet Dent","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3913(83)90174-9","article-title":"Temperature threshold levels for heat-induced bone tissue injury: a vital-microscopic study in the rabbit","volume":"50","author":"Eriksson","year":"1983"},{"key":"ref20","series-title":"Acta Orthop Scand","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.3109\/17453676608989401","article-title":"Factors affecting the determination of the physical properties of femoral cortical bone","volume":"37","author":"Sedlin","year":"1966"},{"key":"ref21","series-title":"J Biomech Eng","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1115\/1.1535190","article-title":"Drilling in bone: modeling heat generation and temperature distribution","volume":"125","author":"Davidson","year":"2003"},{"key":"ref22","series-title":"Biomed Tech (Berl)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1515\/bmte.1989.34.3.53","article-title":"Ein Versuch zur theroetischen Temperaturermittlung im Schneidebereich bei Bohrungen in kortikalem Knochen","volume":"34","author":"Schmitt","year":"1989"},{"key":"ref23","series-title":"Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol","first-page":"9","article-title":"The effect of external fixator pin geometry and dynamic loading on bone remodeling at the pin-bone interface (PBI), in an in vivo sheep tibia model","volume":"8","author":"Zaruby","year":"1995"},{"key":"ref24","series-title":"Compend Contin Educ Pract Vet","first-page":"845","article-title":"Update on principles of external skeletal fixation","volume":"6","author":"Aron","year":"1984"},{"key":"ref25","series-title":"Vet Surg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"488","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-950X.1994.tb00510.x","article-title":"Holding power of threaded external skeletal fixation pins in the near and far cortices of cadaveric canine tibiae","volume":"23","author":"McDonald","year":"1994"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Veterinary Research"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/view\/journals\/ajvr\/71\/8\/ajvr.71.8.976.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/ajvr\/71\/8\/ajvr.71.8.976.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/ajvr\/71\/8\/ajvr.71.8.976.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,7]],"date-time":"2025-03-07T12:25:50Z","timestamp":1741350350000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/view\/journals\/ajvr\/71\/8\/ajvr.71.8.976.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010,8]]},"references-count":25,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2460\/ajvr.71.8.976","relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-9645"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0002-9645"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2010,8]]}}}