{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]],"date-time":"2026-07-17T18:31:09Z","timestamp":1784313069493,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"11","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["ajvr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Objective<\/jats:bold>\u2014To estimate the risk of subclinical <jats:italic>Mycobacterium avium<\/jats:italic> subsp <jats:italic>paratuberculosis<\/jats:italic> (MAP) infection in cows that ingested MAP DNA\u2013positive raw colostrum as calves, compared with risk in cows that ingested MAP DNA\u2013negative raw colostrum as calves.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Animals<\/jats:bold>\u2014205 calves born in 12 commercial dairy herds.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Procedures<\/jats:bold>\u2014Each calf was separated from its dam within 30 to 60 minutes after birth and fed raw colostrum. For each calf, samples of the colostrum fed were collected and tested for the presence of MAP DNA by use of a nested PCR assay for the target gene <jats:italic>ISMAP02<\/jats:italic>. Calves fed colostrum positive or negative for MAP DNA were classified into exposed (n = 69) and unexposed (136) groups, respectively. Each calf was tested for MAP infection at 30, 42, and 54 months of age by use of a serum ELISA and bacterial culture of feces. Weibull hazard regression models were used to evaluate the association between exposure to MAP DNA\u2013positive colostrum and time to testing positive for MAP infection.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>\u2014Hazard of MAP infection was not different between groups (exposed vs unexposed) when serum ELISA, bacterial culture of feces, or both diagnostic tests (parallel interpretation) were positive.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions and Clinical Relevance<\/jats:bold>\u2014Heifer calves fed MAP DNA\u2013positive colostrum were at no greater risk of MAP infection, compared with heifer calves fed MAP DNA\u2013negative colostrum. This result contradicts findings from other studies and should be interpreted with caution.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.72.11.1456","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,10,24]],"date-time":"2011-10-24T18:06:08Z","timestamp":1319479568000},"page":"1456-1464","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Evaluation of the risk of paratuberculosis in adult cows fed Mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis DNA-positive or -negative colostrum as calves"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"72","author":[{"given":"Patrick","family":"Pithua","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sandra M.","family":"Godden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Scott J.","family":"Wells","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Judith R.","family":"Stabel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"key":"ref1","series-title":"Prev Vet Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-5877(99)00037-9","article-title":"Herd-level economic losses associated with Johne's disease on US dairy operations","volume":"40","author":"Ott","year":"1999"},{"key":"ref2","article-title":"Johne's disease on US Dairies, 1991\u20132007"},{"key":"ref3","series-title":"Vet Clin North Am Food Anim Pract","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-0720(15)30408-4","article-title":"Transmission of paratuberculosis","volume":"12","author":"Sweeney","year":"1996"},{"key":"ref4","first-page":"165","article-title":"The prospects for herd level control of paratuberculosis in cattle: a consultant's view","author":"Caldow","year":"2005"},{"key":"ref5","first-page":"174","article-title":"The prospects for herd level control of paratuberculosis\u2014a scientist's view","author":"Wells","year":"2005"},{"key":"ref6","series-title":"The development, nutrition, and management of the young calf","author":"Davis","year":"1998"},{"key":"ref7","series-title":"Vet Clin North Am Food Anim Pract","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvfa.2007.10.005","article-title":"Colostrum management for dairy calves","volume":"24","author":"Godden","year":"2008"},{"key":"ref8","series-title":"Am J Vet Res","first-page":"1322","article-title":"Isolation of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis from colostrum and milk of subclinically infected cows","volume":"56","author":"Streeter","year":"1995"},{"key":"ref9","series-title":"Anim Health Res Rev","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1079\/AHRR200134","article-title":"Mycobacterium paratuberculosis and the bovine immune system","volume":"2","author":"Coussens","year":"2001"},{"key":"ref10","series-title":"Infect Immun","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1588","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.55.7.1588-1593.1987","article-title":"Ingestion and intracellular growth of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis within bovine blood monocytes and monocyte-derived macrophages","volume":"55","author":"Zurbrick","year":"1987"},{"key":"ref11","series-title":"Am J Vet Res","first-page":"1360","article-title":"Total and differential somatic cell counts in secretions from noninfected bovine mammary glands: the early nonlactating period","volume":"42","author":"McDonald","year":"1981"},{"key":"ref12","series-title":"Am J Vet Res","first-page":"1366","article-title":"Total and differential somatic cell counts in secretions from noninfected bovine mammary glands: the peripartum period","volume":"42","author":"McDonald","year":"1981"},{"key":"ref13","first-page":"64","article-title":"Paratuberculosis: prevalence, diagnosis, prevention, and treatment","author":"Merkal","year":"1985"},{"key":"ref14","series-title":"J Dairy Sci","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1503","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(03)73736-9","article-title":"Effect of on-farm commercial batch pasteurization of colostrum on colostrum and serum immunoglobulin concentrations in dairy calves","volume":"86","author":"Godden","year":"2003"},{"key":"ref15","series-title":"G. 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