{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]],"date-time":"2026-04-09T21:10:45Z","timestamp":1775769045777,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":84,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"11","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["ajvr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Objective<\/jats:bold>\n                    \u2014To determine the\n                    <jats:italic>Helicobacter<\/jats:italic>\n                    spp present in the oral cavity of dogs and the relationship of those organisms with gastric\n                    <jats:italic>Helicobacter<\/jats:italic>\n                    spp to better define the potential for dog-human and dog-dog transmission.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Sample<\/jats:bold>\n                    \u2014Saliva and dental plaque from 28 dogs and gastric biopsy specimens from a subset of 8 dogs.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Procedures<\/jats:bold>\n                    \u2014PCR-based screening for\n                    <jats:italic>Helicobacter<\/jats:italic>\n                    spp was conducted on samples obtained from the oral cavity of 28 dogs. Comparative analysis was conducted on Helicobacteraceae 16S rDNA clone libraries from the oral cavity and stomach of a subset of 8 dogs (5 vomiting and 3 healthy) that had positive PCR results for\n                    <jats:italic>Helicobacter<\/jats:italic>\n                    spp.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>\n                    \u2014Helicobacteraceae DNA was identified in the oral cavity of 24 of 28 dogs. Analysis of cloned 16S rDNA amplicons from 8 dogs revealed that\n                    <jats:italic>Wolinella<\/jats:italic>\n                    spp was the most common (8\/8 dogs) and abundant (52\/57 [91%] clones) member of the Helicobacteraceae family in the oral cavity. Only 2 of 8 dogs harbored\n                    <jats:italic>Helicobacter<\/jats:italic>\n                    spp in the oral cavity, and 1 of those was coinfected with\n                    <jats:italic>Helicobacter heilmannii<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>Helicobacter felis<\/jats:italic>\n                    in samples obtained from the stomach and saliva. Evaluation of oral cavity DNA with\n                    <jats:italic>Wolinella<\/jats:italic>\n                    -specific PCR primers yielded positive results for 16 of 20 other dogs (24\/28 samples were positive for\n                    <jats:italic>Wolinella<\/jats:italic>\n                    spp).\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Conclusions and Clinical Relevance<\/jats:bold>\n                    \u2014\n                    <jats:italic>Wolinella<\/jats:italic>\n                    spp rather than\n                    <jats:italic>Helicobacter<\/jats:italic>\n                    spp were the predominant Helicobacteraceae in the oral cavity of dogs. The oral cavity of dogs was apparently not a zoonotically important reservoir of\n                    <jats:italic>Helicobacter<\/jats:italic>\n                    spp that were non\u2013\n                    <jats:italic>Helicobacter pylori<\/jats:italic>\n                    organisms.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.72.11.1476","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,10,24]],"date-time":"2011-10-24T14:06:08Z","timestamp":1319465168000},"page":"1476-1481","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Evaluation of the Helicobacteraceae in the oral cavity of dogs"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"72","author":[{"given":"Melanie","family":"Craven","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Camilla","family":"Recordati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Valentina","family":"Gualdi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Graziano","family":"Pengo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mario","family":"Luini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eugenio","family":"Scanziani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kenneth W.","family":"Simpson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"key":"ref1","series-title":"Med J Aust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.5694\/j.1326-5377.1985.tb113443.x","article-title":"Attempt to fulfil Koch's postulates for pyloric Campylobacter","volume":"142","author":"Marshall","year":"1985"},{"key":"ref2","series-title":"Helicobacter pylori. Clin Microbiol Rev","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"720","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.10.4.720","volume":"10","author":"Dunn","year":"1997"},{"key":"ref3","series-title":"Gut","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.32.2.137","article-title":"Gastritis due to spiral shaped bacteria other than Helicobacter pylori: clinical, histological, and ultrastructural findings","volume":"32","author":"Heilmann","year":"1991"},{"key":"ref4","series-title":"Lancet","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"568","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(93)91404-A","article-title":"Healing gastric MALT lymphomas by eradicating H pylori?","volume":"342","author":"Stolte","year":"1993"},{"key":"ref5","series-title":"J Clin Microbiol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3165","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.34.12.3165-3170.1996","article-title":"Prevalence and varieties of Helicobacter species in dogs from random sources and pet dogs: animal and public health implications","volume":"34","author":"Eaton","year":"1996"},{"key":"ref6","series-title":"J Clin Microbiol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1280","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.37.5.1280-1287.1999","article-title":"Serological discrimination of dogs infected with gastric Helicobacter spp and uninfected dogs","volume":"37","author":"Strauss-Ayali","year":"1999"},{"key":"ref7","series-title":"Epidemiol Infect","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1017\/S095026880004872X","article-title":"Transmission of Helicobacter spp A challenge to the dogma of faecal-oral spread","volume":"107","author":"Lee","year":"1991"},{"key":"ref8","series-title":"Zentralbl Veterinarmed A","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0442.1996.tb00457.x","article-title":"Occurrence and topographical mapping of gastric Helicobacter-like organisms and their association with histological changes in apparently healthy dogs and cats","volume":"43","author":"Happonen","year":"1996"},{"key":"ref9","series-title":"J Vet Intern Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2000.tb02225.x","article-title":"Helicobacter infection in dogs and cats: facts and fiction","volume":"14","author":"Neiger","year":"2000"},{"key":"ref10","series-title":"Int J Syst Evol Microbiol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1559","DOI":"10.1099\/ijs.0.63860-0","article-title":"Helicobacter cynogastricus sp. nov., isolated from the canine gastric mucosa","volume":"56","author":"Van den Bulck","year":"2006"},{"key":"ref11","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"1767","article-title":"Detection and effects of helicobacters in healthy dogs and dogs with signs of gastritis","volume":"213","author":"Happonen","year":"1998"},{"key":"ref12","series-title":"Gastroenterol Clin Biol","first-page":"720","article-title":"Low-grade gastric malt lymphoma and Helicobacter heilmannii (Gastrospirillum hominis)","volume":"22","author":"Regimbeau","year":"1998"},{"key":"ref13","series-title":"Helicobacter","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1523-5378.2005.00347.x","article-title":"Detection of non-pylori Helicobacter species in \u201cHelicobacter heilmannii\u201d - infected humans","volume":"10","author":"De Groote","year":"2005"},{"key":"ref14","series-title":"Scand J Gastroenterol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.1080\/00365529850171422","article-title":"Animal reservoirs in the transmission of Helicobacter heilmannii. 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transmission","volume":"22","author":"Brown","year":"2000"},{"key":"ref21","series-title":"Crit Rev Oral Biol Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1177\/154411130301400307","article-title":"Oral Helicobacter pylori: can we stomach it?","volume":"14","author":"Dowsett","year":"2003"},{"key":"ref22","series-title":"Vet Microbiol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-1135(98)00198-9","article-title":"Transmission of canine gastric Helicobacter salomonis infection from dam to offspring and between puppies","volume":"62","author":"Hanninen","year":"1998"},{"key":"ref23","series-title":"Vet Microbiol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2006.08.029","article-title":"Detection of Helicobacter spp DNA in the oral cavity of dogs","volume":"119","author":"Recordati","year":"2007"},{"key":"ref24","series-title":"ISME J","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1038\/ismej.2007.52","article-title":"Culture independent analysis of ileal mucosa reveals a selective increase in invasive Escherichia coli of novel phylogeny relative to depletion of clostridiales in Crohn's disease involving the ileum","volume":"1","author":"Baumgart","year":"2007"},{"key":"ref25","series-title":"Gastroenterology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"755","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(98)70589-X","article-title":"Hepatic Helicobacter species identified in bile and gallbladder tissue from Chileans with chronic cholecystitis","volume":"114","author":"Fox","year":"1998"},{"key":"ref26","series-title":"Brief Bioinform","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1093\/bib\/5.2.150","article-title":"MEGA3: integrated software for molecular evolutionary genetics analysis and sequence alignment","volume":"5","author":"Kumar","year":"2004"},{"key":"ref27","series-title":"Helicobacter","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1523-5378.2005.00298.x","article-title":"Visualization of Helicobacter species within the murine cecal mucosa using specific fluorescence in situ hybridization","volume":"10","author":"Chan","year":"2005"},{"key":"ref28","series-title":"J Clin Microbiol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5615","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.41.12.5615-5618.2003","article-title":"Association of the presence of Helicobacter in gallbladder tissue with cholelithiasis and cholecystitis","volume":"41","author":"Silva","year":"2003"},{"key":"ref29","series-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11690","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1932838100","article-title":"Complete genome sequence and analysis of Wolinella succinogenes","volume":"100","author":"Baar","year":"2003"},{"key":"ref30","series-title":"Helicobacter","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"608","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1523-5378.2003.00186.x","article-title":"Detection of a putative novel Wolinella species in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus","volume":"8","author":"Bohr","year":"2003"},{"key":"ref31","series-title":"J Clin Microbiol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2256","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.43.5.2256-2260.2005","article-title":"Identification of non-Helicobacter pylori spiral organisms in gastric samples from humans, dogs, and cats","volume":"43","author":"Van den Bulck","year":"2005"},{"key":"ref32","series-title":"J Bacteriol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"911","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.81.6.911-917.1961","article-title":"Cytochrome-producing anaerobic vibrio succinogenes, sp. n","volume":"81","author":"Wolin","year":"1961"},{"key":"ref33","series-title":"Int J Syst Bacteriol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1099\/00207713-38-1-56","article-title":"Phylogeny of campylobacters, wolinellas, Bacteroides gracilis, and Bacteroides ureolyticus by 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid sequencing","volume":"38","author":"Paster","year":"1988"},{"key":"ref34","series-title":"Int J Syst Bacteriol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1099\/00207713-41-1-88","article-title":"Revision of campylobacter, helicobacter, and wolinella taxonomy: emendation of generic descriptions and proposal of arcobacter gen. nov","volume":"41","author":"Vandamme","year":"1991"},{"key":"ref35","series-title":"J Clin Microbiol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5470","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.43.11.5470-5476.2005","article-title":"Cultivable oral micro-biota of domestic dogs","volume":"43","author":"Elliott","year":"2005"},{"key":"ref36","series-title":"Helicobacter","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1523-5378.2007.00526.x","article-title":"Non-pylori helicobacteraceae in the upper digestive tract of asymptomatic Venezuelan subjects: detection of Helicobacter cetorum-like and Candidatus Wolinella africanus-like DNA","volume":"12","author":"Garcia-Amado","year":"2007"},{"key":"ref37","series-title":"Lett Appl Microbiol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1472-765X.2007.02227.x","article-title":"Detection of Helicobacter-like DNA in the gastric mucosa of Thoroughbred horses","volume":"45","author":"Contreras","year":"2007"},{"key":"ref38","series-title":"J Clin Microbiol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3505","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.42.8.3505-3512.2004","article-title":"Species of the family Helicobacteraceae detected in an Australian sea lion (Neophoca cinerea) with chronic gastritis","volume":"42","author":"Oxley","year":"2004"},{"key":"ref39","series-title":"FEMS Microbiol Lett","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6968.1997.tb10452.x","article-title":"Oral bacteria inhibit Helicobacter pylori growth","volume":"152","author":"Ishihara","year":"1997"},{"key":"ref40","series-title":"Microbiol Immunol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1348-0421.2000.tb02510.x","article-title":"Helicobacter pylori may have only a transient presence in the oral cavity and on the surface of oral cancer","volume":"44","author":"Okuda","year":"2000"},{"key":"ref41","series-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3998","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.64.10.3998-4006.1998","article-title":"Isolation and identification of Helicobacter spp from canine and feline gastric mucosa","volume":"64","author":"Jalava","year":"1998"},{"key":"ref42","series-title":"J Vet Intern Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2005.tb02651.x","article-title":"Quantitative analysis of inflammatory and immune responses in dogs with gastritis and their relationship to Helicobacter spp infection","volume":"19","author":"Wiinberg","year":"2005"},{"key":"ref1","series-title":"Med J Aust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.5694\/j.1326-5377.1985.tb113443.x","article-title":"Attempt to fulfil Koch's postulates for pyloric Campylobacter","volume":"142","author":"Marshall","year":"1985"},{"key":"ref2","series-title":"Helicobacter pylori. Clin Microbiol Rev","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"720","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.10.4.720","volume":"10","author":"Dunn","year":"1997"},{"key":"ref3","series-title":"Gut","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.32.2.137","article-title":"Gastritis due to spiral shaped bacteria other than Helicobacter pylori: clinical, histological, and ultrastructural findings","volume":"32","author":"Heilmann","year":"1991"},{"key":"ref4","series-title":"Lancet","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"568","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(93)91404-A","article-title":"Healing gastric MALT lymphomas by eradicating H pylori?","volume":"342","author":"Stolte","year":"1993"},{"key":"ref5","series-title":"J Clin Microbiol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3165","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.34.12.3165-3170.1996","article-title":"Prevalence and varieties of Helicobacter species in dogs from random sources and pet dogs: animal and public health implications","volume":"34","author":"Eaton","year":"1996"},{"key":"ref6","series-title":"J Clin Microbiol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1280","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.37.5.1280-1287.1999","article-title":"Serological discrimination of dogs infected with gastric Helicobacter spp and uninfected dogs","volume":"37","author":"Strauss-Ayali","year":"1999"},{"key":"ref7","series-title":"Epidemiol Infect","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1017\/S095026880004872X","article-title":"Transmission of Helicobacter spp A challenge to the dogma of faecal-oral spread","volume":"107","author":"Lee","year":"1991"},{"key":"ref8","series-title":"Zentralbl Veterinarmed A","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0442.1996.tb00457.x","article-title":"Occurrence and topographical mapping of gastric Helicobacter-like organisms and their association with histological changes in apparently healthy dogs and cats","volume":"43","author":"Happonen","year":"1996"},{"key":"ref9","series-title":"J Vet Intern Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2000.tb02225.x","article-title":"Helicobacter infection in dogs and cats: facts and fiction","volume":"14","author":"Neiger","year":"2000"},{"key":"ref10","series-title":"Int J Syst Evol Microbiol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1559","DOI":"10.1099\/ijs.0.63860-0","article-title":"Helicobacter cynogastricus sp. nov., isolated from the canine gastric mucosa","volume":"56","author":"Van den Bulck","year":"2006"},{"key":"ref11","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"1767","article-title":"Detection and effects of helicobacters in healthy dogs and dogs with signs of gastritis","volume":"213","author":"Happonen","year":"1998"},{"key":"ref12","series-title":"Gastroenterol Clin Biol","first-page":"720","article-title":"Low-grade gastric malt lymphoma and Helicobacter heilmannii (Gastrospirillum hominis)","volume":"22","author":"Regimbeau","year":"1998"},{"key":"ref13","series-title":"Helicobacter","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1523-5378.2005.00347.x","article-title":"Detection of non-pylori Helicobacter species in \u201cHelicobacter heilmannii\u201d - infected humans","volume":"10","author":"De Groote","year":"2005"},{"key":"ref14","series-title":"Scand J Gastroenterol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.1080\/00365529850171422","article-title":"Animal reservoirs in the transmission of Helicobacter heilmannii. 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transmission","volume":"22","author":"Brown","year":"2000"},{"key":"ref21","series-title":"Crit Rev Oral Biol Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1177\/154411130301400307","article-title":"Oral Helicobacter pylori: can we stomach it?","volume":"14","author":"Dowsett","year":"2003"},{"key":"ref22","series-title":"Vet Microbiol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-1135(98)00198-9","article-title":"Transmission of canine gastric Helicobacter salomonis infection from dam to offspring and between puppies","volume":"62","author":"Hanninen","year":"1998"},{"key":"ref23","series-title":"Vet Microbiol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2006.08.029","article-title":"Detection of Helicobacter spp DNA in the oral cavity of dogs","volume":"119","author":"Recordati","year":"2007"},{"key":"ref24","series-title":"ISME J","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1038\/ismej.2007.52","article-title":"Culture independent analysis of ileal mucosa reveals a selective increase in invasive Escherichia coli of novel phylogeny relative to depletion of clostridiales in Crohn's disease involving the ileum","volume":"1","author":"Baumgart","year":"2007"},{"key":"ref25","series-title":"Gastroenterology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"755","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(98)70589-X","article-title":"Hepatic Helicobacter species identified in bile and gallbladder tissue from Chileans with chronic cholecystitis","volume":"114","author":"Fox","year":"1998"},{"key":"ref26","series-title":"Brief Bioinform","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1093\/bib\/5.2.150","article-title":"MEGA3: integrated software for molecular evolutionary genetics analysis and sequence 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