{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,8]],"date-time":"2025-03-08T05:22:45Z","timestamp":1741411365451,"version":"3.38.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"12","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["ajvr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Objective<\/jats:bold>\u2014To assess the suitability of the modified acetaminophen absorption test for evaluation of abomasal emptying rate in ruminating cattle.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Animals<\/jats:bold>\u20147 Holstein-Friesian heifers.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Procedures<\/jats:bold>\u2014In a crossover study design, heifers consecutively underwent an IV infusion of 1 L of saline (0.9% NaCl) solution (control treatment), 1 L of saline solution containing metoclopramide (0.1 mg\/kg), and 1 L of saline solution containing atropine (0.1 mg\/kg), with an interval of 15 days between treatments. Immediately after each treatment, acetaminophen diluted in ethanol (50 mg\/kg) was infused transcutaneously into the abomasum. Blood samples were obtained repeatedly for measurement of plasma acetaminophen concentration, and pharmacokinetic data were obtained.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>\u2014Maximum plasma acetaminophen concentration was significantly lower after atropine treatment than after control or metoclopramide treatment, whereas no difference was identified between control and metoclopramide treatments. The interval to maximum plasma acetaminophen concentration was significantly longer in atropine-treated versus metoclopramide-treated heifers. The interval to maximum acetaminophen concentration obtained from a pharmacokinetic model was significantly longer for atropine than for control and metoclopramide treatment. Similarly, areas under the plasma acetaminophen concentration-time curves for the first 60, 90, 120, and 240 minutes after administration were significantly lower for atropine versus metoclopramide or control treatment, whereas differences between metoclopramide and control treatments were not identified.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions and Clinical Relevance<\/jats:bold>\u2014The modified acetaminophen absorption test was a practical, minimally invasive, and reliable method to assess abomasal emptying in cattle. Metoclopramide administered at a dose of 0.1 mg\/kg did not increase the abomasal emptying rate.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.72.12.1600","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,11,30]],"date-time":"2011-11-30T19:52:22Z","timestamp":1322682742000},"page":"1600-1606","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Evaluation of a modified acetaminophen absorption test to estimate the abomasal emptying rate in Holstein-Friesian heifers"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"72","author":[{"given":"Abdullah","family":"Ehsani-Kheradgerdi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kamran","family":"Sharifi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mehrdad","family":"Mohri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Walter","family":"Gr\u00fcnberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"key":"ref1","series-title":"Zentralbl Veterinarmed A","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0442.1995.tb00375.x","article-title":"Abomasal displacement in the bovine: a review on character, occurrence, aetiology and pathogenesis.","volume":"42","author":"Geishauser","year":"1995"},{"key":"ref2","series-title":"Am J Vet Res","first-page":"1184","article-title":"Risk factors for abomasal volvulus and left abomasal displacement in cattle.","volume":"53","author":"Constable","year":"1992"},{"key":"ref3","series-title":"J Physiol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1982.sp014045","article-title":"Effect of duodenal cannulation on abomasal emptying and secretion in the preruminant calf.","volume":"322","author":"Sissons","year":"1982"},{"key":"ref4","series-title":"Cornell Vet","first-page":"288","article-title":"d-xylose absorption test in the adult bovine.","volume":"71","author":"Pearson","year":"1981"},{"key":"ref5","series-title":"J Vet Intern Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"905","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2005.tb02786.x","article-title":"Use of the d-xylose absorption test to measure abomasal emptying in healthy lactating Holstein-Friesian cows and in cows with left displaced abomasums or abomasal volvulus.","volume":"19","author":"Wittek","year":"2005"},{"key":"ref6","series-title":"J Physiol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1989.sp017661","article-title":"Influence of duodenal digesta composition on abomasal outflow, motility and small intestinal transit time in sheep.","volume":"413","author":"Gregory","year":"1989"},{"key":"ref7","series-title":"J Anim Sci","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1930","DOI":"10.2527\/2000.7871930x","article-title":"The effect of the plasma glucose level on the abomasal function in dairy cows.","volume":"78","author":"Holtenius","year":"2000"},{"key":"ref8","series-title":"Am J Vet Res","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.2005.66.364","article-title":"Determination of abomasal emptying rate in suckling calves by use of nuclear scintigraphy and acetaminophen absorption.","volume":"66","author":"Marshall","year":"2005"},{"key":"ref9","series-title":"Am J Vet Res","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.2005.66.537","article-title":"Ultrasonographic measurement of abomasal volume, location, and emptying rate in calves.","volume":"66","author":"Wittek","year":"2005"},{"key":"ref10","series-title":"Exp Physiol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1113\/expphysiol.1992.sp003620","article-title":"An excitatory body-antral reflex in the sheep abomasum.","volume":"77","author":"Cottrell","year":"1992"},{"key":"ref11","series-title":"Am J Vet Res","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1377","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.67.8.1377","article-title":"Effect of suckling isotonic or hypertonic solutions of sodium bicarbonate or glucose on abomasal emptying rate in calves.","volume":"67","author":"Sen","year":"2006"},{"key":"ref12","series-title":"J Physiol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1977.sp012055","article-title":"A radiological study of gastric (abomasal) emptying in calves before and after vagotomy.","volume":"272","author":"Bell","year":"1977"},{"key":"ref13","series-title":"Zentralbl Veterinarmed A","first-page":"561","article-title":"Studies on abomasal emyptying in cattle. 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