{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,8]],"date-time":"2025-03-08T05:22:46Z","timestamp":1741411366745,"version":"3.38.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"12","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["ajvr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Objective<\/jats:bold>\u2014To determine hyaluronan concentrations in peritoneal fluid from healthy horses and horses with sudden signs of severe abdominal pain and to identify the cellular sources of hyaluronan within the peritoneal cavity.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Animals<\/jats:bold>\u20147 client-owned horses that were evaluated for sudden signs of severe abdominal pain, 6 healthy teaching horses, and 13 euthanized horses (11 with no abdominal disease and 2 that had undergone abdominal surgery 2 weeks previously for a different study).<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Procedures<\/jats:bold>\u2014Abdominal fluid was collected from the client-owned and teaching horses. Hyaluronan concentrations were determined with an ELISA. Equine mesothelial cells were aseptically harvested from euthanized horses immediately after euthanasia, cultured, and processed for western blot immunoassays to detect expression of the following mesothelial cell markers: cytokeratins 8 and 18, vimentin, calretinin, mesothelin, and CD44. A reverse transcriptase\u2013PCR assay was used to detect genetic expression of hyaluronan synthase-2 (HAS-2) from cultured and native equine tissue.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>\u2014The mean \u00b1 SD abdominal hyaluronan concentration in peritoneal fluid from horses with signs of abdominal pain (1,203.3 \u00b1 46.3 ng\/mL) was significantly greater than that in healthy horses (228.4 \u00b1 167.3 ng\/mL). Harvested cells were maintained, and immunoblotting analyses confirmed expression of the mesothelial markers. Gene expression of HAS-2 from cultured mesothelial cells and fibroblasts was confirmed.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions and Clinical Relevance<\/jats:bold>\u2014Peritoneal hyaluronan concentration was much higher in horses with severe abdominal pain than in healthy horses. Cultured equine mesothelial cells and fibroblasts can produce hyaluronan through HAS-2. Future investigation should focus on establishing the effect of exogenous hyaluronan administration on mesothelial cell function in horses with abdominal disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.72.12.1666","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,11,30]],"date-time":"2011-11-30T19:52:22Z","timestamp":1322682742000},"page":"1666-1673","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Intra-abdominal hyaluronan concentration in peritoneal fluid of horses with sudden signs of severe abdominal pain"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"72","author":[{"given":"James D.","family":"Lillich","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wendy","family":"Ray-Miller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kristopher S.","family":"Silver","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth G.","family":"Davis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bruce D.","family":"Schultz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"key":"ref1","series-title":"Vet Surg","first-page":"424","article-title":"Retrospective evaluation of repeat celiotomy in 53 horses with acute gastrointestinal disease.","volume":"18","author":"Parker","year":"1989"},{"key":"ref2","series-title":"Current techniques in equine surgery and lameness","first-page":"307","article-title":"Intra-abdominal adhesions","author":"Hay","year":"1998"},{"key":"ref3","series-title":"Vet Surg","first-page":"409","article-title":"Abdominal adhesions after small intestinal surgery in the horse.","volume":"18","author":"Baxter","year":"1989"},{"key":"ref4","series-title":"Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2003.08.014","article-title":"Prevention and treatment of gastrointestinal adhesions.","volume":"19","author":"Eggleston","year":"2003"},{"key":"ref5","series-title":"Hosp Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.12968\/hosp.2004.65.6.13733","article-title":"Therapy for intra-abdominal adhesions.","volume":"65","author":"Bullen","year":"2004"},{"key":"ref6","series-title":"Respirology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1440-1843.2002.00404.x","article-title":"Mesothelial cells: their structure, function and role in serosal repair.","volume":"7","author":"Mutsaers","year":"2002"},{"key":"ref7","series-title":"Equine Vet J","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-3306.1994.tb04053.x","article-title":"Regulation of equine fibrinolysis in blood and peritoneal fluid based on a study of colic cases and induced endotoxaemia.","volume":"26","author":"Collatos","year":"1994"},{"key":"ref8","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"465","article-title":"Intravascular and peritoneal coagulation and fibrinolysis in horses with acute gastrointestinal tract diseases.","volume":"207","author":"Collatos","year":"1995"},{"key":"ref9","series-title":"Dig Surg","first-page":"260","article-title":"Peritoneal adhesions: etiology, pathophysiology, and clinical significance. Recent advances in prevention and management.","volume":"18","author":"Liakakos","year":"200"},{"key":"ref10","series-title":"Hum Reprod Update","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"556","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/7.6.556","article-title":"Peritoneal healing and adhesion formation\/reformation.","volume":"7","author":"Cheong","year":"2001"},{"key":"ref11","series-title":"Am J Vet Res","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1314","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.2001.62.1314","article-title":"Use of a hyaluronate membrane for jejunal anastomosis in horses.","volume":"62","author":"Eggleston","year":"2001"},{"key":"ref12","series-title":"Vet Surg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-950X.2000.00048.x","article-title":"Evaluation of a bioresorbable hyaluronate-carboxymethylcellulose membrane for prevention of experimentally induced adhesions in horses.","volume":"29","author":"Mueller","year":"2000"},{"key":"ref13","series-title":"Biochem J","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1042\/bj2200597","article-title":"Hyaluronate is synthesized at plasma membranes.","volume":"220","author":"Prehm","year":"1984"},{"key":"ref14","series-title":"Endocrinology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4375","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2002-220563","article-title":"Induction of hyaluronan synthase 2 by human chorionic gonadotropin in mural granulosa cells of equine preovulatory follicles.","volume":"143","author":"Stock","year":"2002"},{"key":"ref15","series-title":"Biol Reprod","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1013","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod.103.015602","article-title":"Effect of growth hormone (GH) on in vitro nuclear and cytoplasmic oocyte maturation, cumulus expansion, hyaluronan synthases, and connexins 32 and 43 expression, and GH receptor messenger RNA expression in equine and porcine species.","volume":"69","author":"Marchal","year":"2003"},{"key":"ref16","series-title":"Wound Repair Regen","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1524-475X.1999.00079.x","article-title":"Functions of hyaluronan in wound repair.","volume":"7","author":"Chen","year":"1999"},{"key":"ref17","series-title":"Kidney Int","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2280","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1755.2003.00325.x","article-title":"Image analysis of remesothelialization following chemical wounding of cultured human peritoneal mesothelial cells: the role of hyaluronan synthesis.","volume":"64","author":"Horiuchi","year":"2003"},{"key":"ref18","series-title":"Kidney Int","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1953","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1523-1755.2000.00367.x","article-title":"Induction of hyaluronan metabolism after mechanical injury of human peritoneal mesothelial cells in vitro.","volume":"58","author":"Yung","year":"2000"},{"key":"ref19","series-title":"Inflammation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00918972","article-title":"Concentration and turnover of intraperitoneal hyaluronan during inflammation.","volume":"16","author":"Edelstam","year":"1992"},{"key":"ref20","series-title":"Kidney Int","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.1994.304","article-title":"The source and possible significance of hyaluronan in the peritoneal cavity.","volume":"46","author":"Yung","year":"1994"},{"key":"ref21","series-title":"Perit Dial Int","first-page":"274","article-title":"Synthesis of hyaluronic acid by human peritoneal mesothelial cells: effect of cytokines and dialysate.","volume":"16","author":"Breborowicz","year":"1996"},{"key":"ref22","series-title":"Kidney Int","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1337","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.1996.446","article-title":"IL-1\u03b2, a major stimulator of hyaluronan synthesis in vitro of human peritoneal mesothelial cells: relevance to peritonitis in CAPD.","volume":"50","author":"Yung","year":"1996"},{"key":"ref23","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"183","article-title":"Comparison of duodenitis\/proximal jejunitis and small intestinal obstructions in horses: 68 cases (1997\u20131985)","volume":"191","author":"Johnston","year":"1990"},{"key":"ref24","series-title":"J Vet Intern Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.1999.tb01463.x","article-title":"Tumor necrosis factor and interleukin-6 activity and endotoxin concentration in peritoneal fluid and blood of horses with acute abdominal disease.","volume":"13","author":"Barton","year":"1999"},{"key":"ref25","first-page":"168","article-title":"Interpretation of peritoneal fluid erythrocyte counts in horses with abdominal disease, in Proceedings","author":"Hunt","year":"1986"},{"key":"ref26","series-title":"J Gastrointest Liver Dis","first-page":"169","article-title":"Serum hyaluronic acid and laminin as biomarkers in liver fibrosis.","volume":"19","author":"Parsian","year":"2010"},{"key":"ref27","series-title":"Equine Vet J","first-page":"482","article-title":"Hyaluronan in horses: physiological production rate, plasma and synovial fluid concentrations in control sample conditions and following sodium hyaluronate administration.","volume":"36","author":"Popot","year":"2004"},{"key":"ref28","series-title":"Am J Vet Res","first-page":"740","article-title":"Determination of concentration of hyaluronate in equine serum.","volume":"740","author":"Tulamo","year":"1990"},{"key":"ref29","series-title":"Arthritis Rheum","first-page":"455","article-title":"Effect of oxygen-derived free radicals on hyaluronic acid.","volume":"223","author":"Greenwald","year":"1980"},{"key":"ref30","series-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2283","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.V9122283","article-title":"Hyaluronan induces monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 expression in renal tubular epithelial cells.","volume":"9","author":"Beck-Schimmer","year":"1998"},{"key":"ref31","series-title":"J Pharm Pharmacol","first-page":"110","article-title":"Suppressive effects of hyaluronic acid on elastase release from rat peritoneal leukocytes.","volume":"45","author":"Akatsuka","year":"1993"},{"key":"ref32","series-title":"Perit Dial Int","first-page":"162","article-title":"Technological advances in peritoneal dialysis research.","volume":"26","author":"Yung","year":"2006"},{"key":"ref33","series-title":"Kidney Int","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1563","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.1990.150","article-title":"Isolation, culture and characterization of human peritoneal mesothelial cells.","volume":"37","author":"Stylianou","year":"1990"},{"key":"ref34","series-title":"Biomedicine","first-page":"69","article-title":"Culture procedure of mesothelial cells from rat parietal pleura.","volume":"29","author":"Thiollet","year":"1978"},{"key":"ref35","series-title":"J Exp Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.38.3.257","article-title":"Mesenchyme and mesothelium.","volume":"38","author":"Lewis","year":"1923"},{"key":"ref36","series-title":"Histopathology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2559.2002.01352.x","article-title":"Value of mesothelial and epithelial antibodies in distinguishing diffuse peritoneal mesothelioma in females from serous papillary carcinoma of the ovary and peritoneum.","volume":"40","author":"Attanoos","year":"2002"},{"key":"ref37","series-title":"J Exp Med","first-page":"31","article-title":"Ber-EP4 and anti-calretinin antibodies: a useful combination for differential diagnosis of various histological types of ovarian cancer cells and mesothelial cells.","volume":"206","author":"Okamoto","year":"2005"},{"key":"ref38","series-title":"Clin Cancer Res","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3937","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-03-0801","article-title":"Mesothelin: a new target for immunotherapy.","volume":"10","author":"Hassan","year":"2004"},{"key":"ref39","series-title":"Am J Surg Pathol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1037","DOI":"10.1097\/00000478-199609000-00001","article-title":"Calretinin: a novel immunocytochemical marker for mesothelioma.","volume":"20","author":"Doglioni","year":"1996"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Veterinary Research"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/view\/journals\/ajvr\/72\/12\/ajvr.72.12.1666.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/ajvr\/72\/12\/ajvr.72.12.1666.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/ajvr\/72\/12\/ajvr.72.12.1666.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,7]],"date-time":"2025-03-07T12:26:40Z","timestamp":1741350400000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/view\/journals\/ajvr\/72\/12\/ajvr.72.12.1666.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,12]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2460\/ajvr.72.12.1666","relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-9645"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0002-9645"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,12]]}}}