{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,8]],"date-time":"2025-09-08T06:21:30Z","timestamp":1757312490200,"version":"3.38.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["ajvr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Objective<\/jats:bold>\u2014To investigate shedding of chlamydiae from conjunctiva and genital tracts of cats without clinical signs of conjunctivitis or other infectious disease in relation to their titers of serum antibodies against chlamydiae and to serum amyloid A (SAA) and serum \u03b1<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>-acid glycoprotein (AGP) concentrations.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Animals<\/jats:bold>\u201462 healthy cats.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Procedures<\/jats:bold>\u2014Serum from each cat was analyzed for antibodies against chlamydiae and for SAA and AGP concentrations. Swab samples from the conjunctival sac and genital tract were analyzed with a real-time PCR assay for <jats:italic>Chlamydiaceae.<\/jats:italic><\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>\u20144 of 8 of cats with high antibody titers (ie, 1,600) shed chlamydiae, but only from the conjunctiva. Chlamydiae could not be detected in samples from cats with lower antibody titers nor from any genital tract samples. In cats with antibody titers of 1,600, mean \u00b1 SD SAA concentration was significantly higher when chlamydiae were detected in conjunctival swab samples (3.9 \u00b1 1.0 mg\/L) than when no chlamydiae were detected (1.4 \u00b1 1.0 mg\/L). However, SAA concentration was greater than the limit for an acute-phase response in only one of those cats. There was no significant difference in serum AGP concentrations between cats with high titers that were or were not shedding chlamydiae. Nine of 30 (30%) cats (5 with and 4 without detectable serum antibodies against chlamydiae) that had been mated developed reproductive disorders.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions and Clinical Relevance<\/jats:bold>\u2014Clinically normal cats with high chlamydiae-specific antibody titers can shed and thus transmit chlamydiae. Venereal spread from cats without clinical signs of infection is likely not common.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.72.6.806","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,6,1]],"date-time":"2011-06-01T07:51:55Z","timestamp":1306914715000},"page":"806-812","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Shedding of chlamydiae in relation to titers of serum chlamydiae-specific antibodies and serum concentrations of two acute-phase proteins in cats without conjunctivitis"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"72","author":[{"given":"Bodil","family":"Str\u00f6m Holst","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Linn\u00e9a","family":"Krook","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stina","family":"Englund","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anne-Sofie","family":"Lagerstedt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"G\u00f6ran","family":"B\u00f6lske","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"key":"ref1","series-title":"Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cimid.2009.08.002","article-title":"Detection of all Chlamydophila and Chlamydia spp. of veterinary interest using species-specific real-time PCR assays","volume":"33","author":"Pantchev","year":"2010"},{"key":"ref2","series-title":"Am J Vet Res","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1421","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.2003.64.1421","article-title":"Detection of novel chlamydiae in cats with ocular disease","volume":"64","author":"von Bomhard","year":"2003"},{"key":"ref3","series-title":"J Small Anim Pract","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-5827.1988.tb02293.x","article-title":"Prevalence of Chlamydia psittaci in different cat populations in Britain","volume":"29","author":"Wills","year":"1988"},{"key":"ref4","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"834","article-title":"Clinical and laboratory findings in chronic conjunctivitis in cats: 91 cases (1983\u20131991)","volume":"203","author":"Nasisse","year":"1993"},{"key":"ref5","series-title":"J Vet Intern Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.1999.tb02172.x","article-title":"Prevalence of feline Chlamydia psittaci and feline herpesvirus 1 in cats with upper respiratory tract disease","volume":"13","author":"Sykes","year":"1999"},{"key":"ref6","series-title":"Clin Tech Small Anim Pract","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ctsap.2004.12.018","article-title":"Feline chlamydiosis","volume":"20","author":"Sykes","year":"2005"},{"key":"ref7","series-title":"Vet Microbiol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-1135(97)00185-5","article-title":"Characterization of the systemic disease and ocular signs induced by experimental infection with Chlamydia psittaci in cats","volume":"59","author":"TerWee","year":"1998"},{"key":"ref8","series-title":"Infect Immun","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2653","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.55.11.2653-2657.1987","article-title":"Effect of vaccination on feline Chlamydia psittaci infection","volume":"55","author":"Wills","year":"1987"},{"key":"ref9","series-title":"J Vet Intern Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.1999.tb02171.x","article-title":"Comparison of the polymerase chain reaction and culture for the detection of feline Chlamydia psittaci in untreated and doxycycline-treated experimentally infected cats","volume":"13","author":"Sykes","year":"1999"},{"key":"ref10","series-title":"N Z Vet J","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1080\/00480169.1995.35890","article-title":"Chlamydia infection in cats in New Zealand","volume":"43","author":"Gruffydd-Jones","year":"1995"},{"key":"ref11","series-title":"New Microbiol","first-page":"199","article-title":"Prevalence of Chlamydophila felis by PCR among healthy pet cats in Italy","volume":"27","author":"Di Francesco","year":"2004"},{"key":"ref12","series-title":"J Comp Pathol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1053\/jcpa.2002.0629","article-title":"Animal chlamydioses and zoonotic implications","volume":"128","author":"Longbottom","year":"2003"},{"key":"ref13","series-title":"Can Vet J","first-page":"289","article-title":"Case report. 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