{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]],"date-time":"2026-04-09T21:10:50Z","timestamp":1775769050494,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"10","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["ajvr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Objective<\/jats:bold>\n                    \u2014To evaluate efficacy of a recombinant\n                    <jats:italic>Moraxella bovis<\/jats:italic>\n                    pilin-cytotoxin-\n                    <jats:italic>Moraxella bovoculi<\/jats:italic>\n                    cytotoxin subunit vaccine to prevent naturally occurring infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis (IBK).\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Animals<\/jats:bold>\n                    \u2014107 beef steers.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Procedures<\/jats:bold>\n                    \u20142 groups of calves were inoculated SC with an immunostimulating complex (ISCOM) matrix adjuvant (control group; n = 54) or a recombinant\n                    <jats:italic>M bovis<\/jats:italic>\n                    pilin-cytotoxin\u2013\n                    <jats:italic>M bovoculi<\/jats:italic>\n                    cytotoxin subunit antigen with the ISCOM matrix adjuvant (vaccine group; 53); calves received booster injections 21 days later. Calves were examined once weekly for 16 weeks. Investigators and herd managers were not aware of the inoculum administered to each calf throughout the trial. Primary outcome of interest was the cumulative proportion of calves that developed IBK. Serum samples were obtained before inoculation (day 0) and on days 42 and 112. Serum hemolysin-neutralizing titers against native\n                    <jats:italic>M bovis<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>M bovoculi<\/jats:italic>\n                    cytotoxin were determined.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>\n                    \u2014No difference was detected between groups for the cumulative proportion of calves that developed IBK at weeks 8 and 16 after inoculation. Non\u2013IBK-affected calves in the vaccine group had a significantly higher fold change in serum hemolysin-neutralizing titer against native\n                    <jats:italic>M bovoculi<\/jats:italic>\n                    cytotoxin from day 0 to 42 compared to control calves.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Conclusions and Clinical Relevance<\/jats:bold>\n                    \u2014The\n                    <jats:italic>M bovis<\/jats:italic>\n                    pilin-cytotoxin-\n                    <jats:italic>M bovoculi<\/jats:italic>\n                    cytotoxin subunit vaccine with the ISCOM matrix adjuvant was not effective at preventing naturally occurring IBK. It is likely that the incorporation of additional protective antigens in a recombinant\n                    <jats:italic>Moraxella<\/jats:italic>\n                    spp subunit vaccine will be required to yield a product that can be used for effective immunization of cattle against IBK.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.73.10.1670","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,9,27]],"date-time":"2012-09-27T00:50:39Z","timestamp":1348707039000},"page":"1670-1675","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Randomized controlled field trial to assess efficacy of a Moraxella bovis pilin-cytotoxin\u2013Moraxella bovoculi cytotoxin subunit vaccine to prevent naturally occurring infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"73","author":[{"given":"John A.","family":"Angelos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Khaled G.","family":"Gohary","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Louise M.","family":"Ball","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John F.","family":"Hess","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"key":"ref1","series-title":"Am J Vet Res","first-page":"761","article-title":"Infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis. 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