{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,31]],"date-time":"2026-10-31T20:16:06Z","timestamp":1793477766326,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"11","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["ajvr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Objective<\/jats:bold>\u2014To determine the effect of various UVB radiation sources on plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub> concentrations in Hermann's tortoises (<jats:italic>Testudo hermanni<\/jats:italic>).<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Animals<\/jats:bold>\u201418 healthy Hermann's tortoises.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Procedures<\/jats:bold>\u2014Tortoises were exposed to sunlight in an outdoor enclosure located in the natural geographic range of Hermann's tortoises (n = 6 tortoises) or a self-ballasted mercury-vapor lamp (6) or fluorescent UVB-emitting lamp (6) in an indoor enclosure for 35 days. Plasma samples were obtained from each tortoise on the first (day 0) and last (day 35) days of the study, and concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub> were determined. Amount of UVB radiation in enclosures was measured.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>\u2014Mean \u00b1 SD plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub> concentrations for tortoises exposed to the mercury-vapor and fluorescent lamps were significantly lower on day 35 (155.69 \u00b1 80.71 nmol\/L and 134.42 \u00b1 51.42 nmol\/L, respectively) than they were on day 0 (368.02 \u00b1 119.34 nmol\/L and 313.69 \u00b1 109.54 nmol\/L, respectively). Mean \u00b1 SD plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub> concentration for tortoises exposed to sunlight did not differ significantly between days 0 (387.74 \u00b1 114.56 nmol\/L) and 35 (411.51 \u00b1 189.75 nmol\/L). Mean day 35 plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub> concentration was significantly higher for tortoises exposed to sunlight versus those exposed to mercury-vapor or fluorescent lamps. Sunlight provided significantly more UVB radiation than did the mercury-vapor or fluorescent lamps.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions and Clinical Relevance<\/jats:bold>\u2014Plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub> concentrations differed between tortoises exposed to sunlight and those exposed to artificial UVB sources. Exposure to sunlight at a latitude similar to that of the natural geographic range is recommended for healthy and calcium-deficient tortoises.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.73.11.1781","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,29]],"date-time":"2012-10-29T19:32:20Z","timestamp":1351539140000},"page":"1781-1786","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 concentrations in Hermann's tortoises (Testudo hermanni) exposed to natural sunlight and two artificial ultraviolet radiation sources"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"73","author":[{"given":"Paolo","family":"Selleri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicola","family":"Di Girolamo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"key":"ref1","series-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S 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