{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T19:03:09Z","timestamp":1790535789988,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["ajvr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Objective<\/jats:bold>\n                    \u2014To compare accuracy and ease of use of a card agglutination assay, an immunochromatographic cartridge method, and a gel-based method for canine blood typing.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Sample<\/jats:bold>\n                    \u2014Blood samples from 52 healthy blood donor dogs, 10 dogs with immune-mediated hemolytic anemia (IMHA), and 29 dogs with other diseases.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Procedures<\/jats:bold>\n                    \u2014Blood samples were tested in accordance with manufacturer guidelines. Samples with low PCVs were created by the addition of autologous plasma to separately assess the effects of anemia on test results.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>\n                    \u2014Compared with a composite reference standard of agreement between 2 methods, the gel-based method was found to be 100% accurate. The card agglutination assay was 89% to 91% accurate, depending on test interpretation, and the immunochromatographic cartridge method was 93% accurate but 100% specific. Errors were observed more frequently in samples from diseased dogs, particularly those with IMHA. In the presence of persistent autoagglutination, dog erythrocyte antigen (DEA) 1.1 typing was not possible, except with the immunochromatographic cartridge method.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Conclusions and Clinical Relevance<\/jats:bold>\n                    \u2014The card agglutination assay and immunochromatographic cartridge method, performed by trained personnel, were suitable for in-clinic emergency DEA 1.1 blood typing. There may be errors, particularly for samples from dogs with IMHA, and the immunochromatographic cartridge method may have an advantage of allowing typing of samples with persistent autoagglutination. The laboratory gel-based method would be preferred for routine DEA 1.1 typing of donors and patients if it is available and time permits. Current DEA 1.1 typing techniques appear to be appropriately standardized and easy to use.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.73.2.213","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,26]],"date-time":"2012-01-26T10:42:22Z","timestamp":1327574542000},"page":"213-219","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":54,"title":["Comparison of gel column, card, and cartridge techniques for dog erythrocyte antigen 1.1 blood typing"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"73","author":[{"given":"Mayank","family":"Seth","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karen V.","family":"Jackson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Winzelberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Urs","family":"Giger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"key":"ref1","series-title":"Kirk's current veterinary therapy XIV","first-page":"260","article-title":"Blood-typing and crossmatching","author":"Giger","year":"2009"},{"key":"ref2","series-title":"Transfus Med Rev","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tmrv.2003.12.003","article-title":"Importance of blood groups and blood group antibodies in companion animals","volume":"18","author":"Hohenhaus","year":"2004"},{"key":"ref3","series-title":"Transplant Proc","first-page":"289","article-title":"Joint report of the second international workshop on canine immunogenetics","volume":"8","author":"Vriesendorp","year":"1976"},{"key":"ref4","series-title":"Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1323","DOI":"10.1016\/S0195-5616(95)50157-3","article-title":"Canine blood groups and their importance in veterinary transfusion medicine","volume":"25","author":"Hale","year":"1995"},{"key":"ref5","series-title":"Physiol Rev","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.1961.41.3.495","article-title":"The blood grouping systems of dogs","volume":"41","author":"Swisher","year":"1961"},{"key":"ref6","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"1358","article-title":"An acute hemolytic transfusion reaction caused by dog erythrocyte antigen 1.1 incompatibility in a previously sensitized dog","volume":"206","author":"Giger","year":"1995"},{"key":"ref7","series-title":"Vet Clin Pathol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-165X.2010.00249.x","article-title":"Dog erythrocyte antigens 1.1, 1.2, 3, 4, 7, and Dal blood typing and cross-matching by gel column technique","volume":"39","author":"Kessler","year":"2010"},{"key":"ref8","series-title":"Am J Vet Res","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1386","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.2005.66.1386","article-title":"Comparison of various canine blood-typing methods","volume":"66","author":"Giger","year":"2005"},{"key":"ref9","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"1549","article-title":"Production, characterization, and applications of a murine monoclonal antibody to dog erythrocyte antigen 1.1","volume":"201","author":"Andrews","year":"1992"},{"key":"ref10","series-title":"Kleintierpraxis","first-page":"77","article-title":"Bestimmung der Blutgruppe DEA 1.1 und deren Bedeutung beim Hund","volume":"43","author":"Kohn","year":"1998"},{"key":"ref11","series-title":"Transfusion","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1537-2995.1990.30290162894.x","article-title":"The gel test: a new way to detect red cell antigen-antibody reactions","volume":"30","author":"Lapierre","year":"1990"},{"key":"ref12","series-title":"J Clin Epidemiol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"797","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2009.02.005","article-title":"A review of solutions for diagnostic accuracy studies with an imperfect or missing reference standard","volume":"62","author":"Reitsma","year":"2009"},{"key":"ref13","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"1697","article-title":"Transfusion practices and costs in dogs","volume":"201","author":"Howard","year":"1992"},{"key":"ref14","series-title":"Am J Clin Pathol","first-page":"287","article-title":"Quality assurance in the blood bank. 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Studies of technologist performance","volume":"71","author":"Greendyke","year":"1979"},{"key":"ref15","series-title":"Transfusion","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1537-2995.1996.36496226152.x","article-title":"Fatal hemolytic transfusion reaction resulting from ABO mistyping of a patient with acquired B antigen detectable only by some monoclonal anti-B reagents","volume":"36","author":"Garratty","year":"1996"},{"key":"ref16","series-title":"Schalm's veterinary hematology","first-page":"216","article-title":"Immune mediated anemias in the dog","author":"Day","year":"2010"},{"key":"ref17","series-title":"Transfusion","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1348","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1537-2995.2002.00219.x","article-title":"Reliability of bedside ABO testing before transfusion","volume":"42","author":"Migeot","year":"2002"},{"key":"ref18","series-title":"Transfusion","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"860","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1537-2995.2004.03337.x","article-title":"Analysis of ABO discrepancies occurring in 35 French hospitals","volume":"44","author":"Chiaroni","year":"2004"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Veterinary Research"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/view\/journals\/ajvr\/73\/2\/ajvr.73.2.213.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/ajvr\/73\/2\/ajvr.73.2.213.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/ajvr\/73\/2\/ajvr.73.2.213.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]],"date-time":"2026-04-09T20:08:05Z","timestamp":1775765285000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/view\/journals\/ajvr\/73\/2\/ajvr.73.2.213.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,2]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2460\/ajvr.73.2.213","relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-9645"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0002-9645","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,2]]}}}