{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]],"date-time":"2026-04-09T21:08:53Z","timestamp":1775768933385,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["ajvr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Objective<\/jats:bold>\n                    \u2014To evaluate and compare bone modeling and remodeling in fractured and non-fractured central tarsal bones (CTBs) of racing Greyhounds.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Sample<\/jats:bold>\n                    \u2014Paired cadaveric tarsi from 6 euthanized racing Greyhounds with right CTB fractures and 6 racing Greyhounds with other nontarsal injuries.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Procedures<\/jats:bold>\n                    \u2014CTBs were dissected and fractured CTBs were reconstructed. Central tarsal bones were evaluated through standard and nonscreen high-detail radiography, computed tomography, and histologic examination. The bone mineral density (BMD) was calculated adjacent to fracture planes and as a gradient on sagittal computed tomographic images. Sagittal and transverse plane sections of bone were obtained and submitted for subjective histologic assessment. Linear mixed-effects models were used to compare findings.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>\n                    \u2014Fractured right CTBs had greater BMD in the dorsal and midbody regions of the sagittal plane sections than did nonfractured CTBs. The BMD ratios from bone adjacent to the dorsal slab fracture planes were not different between fractured and nonfractured right CTBs.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Conclusions and Clinical Relevance<\/jats:bold>\n                    \u2014Findings supported the existence of site-specific bone adaptation in CTBs of Greyhounds, with modeling and remodeling patterns that were unique to fractured right CTBs. The dorsal and midbody regions of fractured bones had greater BMD, and fractures occurred through these zones of increased BMD.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.73.3.375","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,27]],"date-time":"2012-02-27T12:19:24Z","timestamp":1330345164000},"page":"375-380","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Fractures in regions of adaptive modeling and remodeling of central tarsal bones in racing Greyhounds"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"73","author":[{"given":"Mary Sarah","family":"Bergh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alessandro","family":"Piras","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Valerie F.","family":"Samii","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Steven E.","family":"Weisbrode","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kenneth A.","family":"Johnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"key":"ref1","series-title":"Bone","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1016\/S8756-3282(99)00205-7","article-title":"In vivo matrix micro-damage in a naturally occurring canine fatigue fracture","volume":"25","author":"Muir","year":"1999"},{"key":"ref2","series-title":"Bone","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1016\/S8756-3282(00)00313-6","article-title":"Asymmetric adaptive modeling of central tarsal bones in racing Greyhounds","volume":"27","author":"Johnson","year":"2000"},{"key":"ref3","series-title":"Sports Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.2165\/00007256-199417010-00006","article-title":"Tarsal navicular stress fracture in athletes","volume":"17","author":"Khan","year":"1994"},{"key":"ref4","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"1486","article-title":"Central tarsal bone fractures in the racing Greyhound: a review of 114 cases","volume":"184","author":"Boudrieau","year":"1984"},{"key":"ref5","series-title":"Exerc Sport Sci Rev","first-page":"171","article-title":"Bone, exercise and stress fractures","volume":"25","author":"Burr","year":"1997"},{"key":"ref6","series-title":"J Orthop Res","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.1100130303","article-title":"Mathematical model for repair of fatigue damage and stress fracture in osteonal bone","volume":"13","author":"Martin","year":"1995"},{"key":"ref7","series-title":"J Orthop Res","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.1100150417","article-title":"Bone maintenance and remodeling: a control system based on fatigue damage","volume":"15","author":"Taylor","year":"1997"},{"key":"ref8","series-title":"J Am Anim Hosp Assoc","first-page":"398","article-title":"Classification, management, and repair of central tarsal fractures in the racing Greyhound","volume":"12","author":"Dee","year":"1976"},{"key":"ref9","series-title":"Am J Vet Res","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1159","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.2002.63.1159","article-title":"Computed tomographic osteoabsorptiometry of the elbow joint in clinically normal dogs","volume":"63","author":"Samii","year":"2002"},{"key":"ref10","series-title":"Am J Sports Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1177\/036354659602400217","article-title":"The incidence and distribution of stress fractures in competitive track and field athletes","volume":"24","author":"Bennell","year":"1996"},{"key":"ref11","series-title":"Clin J Sports Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1097\/00042752-199604000-00004","article-title":"Stress fractures: a review of 180 cases","volume":"6","author":"Brukner","year":"1996"},{"key":"ref12","series-title":"J Orthop Res","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.1100080417","article-title":"Fatigue fractures in Thoroughbred racehorses: relationships with age, peak bone strain, and training","volume":"8","author":"Nunamaker","year":"1990"},{"key":"ref13","series-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br","first-page":"370","article-title":"Experimental stress fractures of the tibia. Biological and mechanical aetiology in rabbits","volume":"72","author":"Burr","year":"1990"},{"key":"ref14","series-title":"Skeletal Radiol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"937","DOI":"10.1007\/s00256-011-1154-y","article-title":"The os supranaviculare and navicular stress fractures","volume":"40","author":"Ingalls","year":"2011"},{"key":"ref15","series-title":"Vet Rec","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.148.10.308","article-title":"Asymmetric densiometric and mechanical adaptation of the left fifth metacarpal bone in racing Greyhounds","volume":"148","author":"Lipscomb","year":"2001"},{"key":"ref16","series-title":"Br J Sports Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.30.3.200","article-title":"Models for the pathogenesis of stress fractures in athletes","volume":"30","author":"Bennell","year":"1996"},{"key":"ref17","series-title":"J Sports Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1177\/036354657500300502","article-title":"Stress fractures in athletes","volume":"3","author":"McBryde","year":"1975"},{"key":"ref18","series-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br","first-page":"540","article-title":"Compression stress fractures in man and the Greyhound","volume":"43","author":"Devas","year":"1961"},{"key":"ref19","series-title":"Calcif Tissue Int","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1007\/s002230001129","article-title":"Fractographic examination of racing Greyhound central (navicular) tarsal bone failure surfaces using scanning electron microscopy","volume":"67","author":"Tomlin","year":"2000"},{"key":"ref20","series-title":"Nature","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.1038\/438753a","article-title":"Biomechanics: no force limit on Greyhound sprint speed","volume":"438","author":"Usherwood","year":"2005"},{"key":"ref21","series-title":"J Orthop Trauma","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1097\/BOT.0b013e318172841c","article-title":"Low-energy femoral shaft fractures associated with alendronate use","volume":"22","author":"Neviaser","year":"2008"},{"key":"ref22","series-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2556","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.H.01774","article-title":"Bilateral low-energy simultaneous or sequential femoral fractures in patients on long-term alendronate therapy","volume":"91","author":"Capeci","year":"2009"},{"key":"ref23","series-title":"J Biomech","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9290(82)90002-1","article-title":"Effect of prolonged walking on concrete on the knees of sheep","volume":"15","author":"Radin","year":"1982"},{"key":"ref24","series-title":"Sports Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.2165\/00007256-200838040-00005","article-title":"Imaging of lower extremity stress fracture injuries","volume":"38","author":"Moran","year":"2008"},{"key":"ref1","series-title":"Bone","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1016\/S8756-3282(99)00205-7","article-title":"In vivo matrix micro-damage in a naturally occurring canine fatigue fracture","volume":"25","author":"Muir","year":"1999"},{"key":"ref2","series-title":"Bone","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1016\/S8756-3282(00)00313-6","article-title":"Asymmetric adaptive modeling of central tarsal bones in racing Greyhounds","volume":"27","author":"Johnson","year":"2000"},{"key":"ref3","series-title":"Sports Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.2165\/00007256-199417010-00006","article-title":"Tarsal navicular stress fracture in athletes","volume":"17","author":"Khan","year":"1994"},{"key":"ref4","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"1486","article-title":"Central tarsal bone fractures in the racing Greyhound: a review of 114 cases","volume":"184","author":"Boudrieau","year":"1984"},{"key":"ref5","series-title":"Exerc Sport Sci Rev","first-page":"171","article-title":"Bone, exercise and stress fractures","volume":"25","author":"Burr","year":"1997"},{"key":"ref6","series-title":"J Orthop Res","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.1100130303","article-title":"Mathematical model for repair of fatigue damage and stress fracture in osteonal bone","volume":"13","author":"Martin","year":"1995"},{"key":"ref7","series-title":"J Orthop Res","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.1100150417","article-title":"Bone maintenance and remodeling: a control system based on fatigue damage","volume":"15","author":"Taylor","year":"1997"},{"key":"ref8","series-title":"J Am Anim Hosp Assoc","first-page":"398","article-title":"Classification, management, and repair of central tarsal fractures in the racing Greyhound","volume":"12","author":"Dee","year":"1976"},{"key":"ref9","series-title":"Am J Vet Res","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1159","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.2002.63.1159","article-title":"Computed tomographic osteoabsorptiometry of the elbow joint in clinically normal dogs","volume":"63","author":"Samii","year":"2002"},{"key":"ref10","series-title":"Am J Sports Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1177\/036354659602400217","article-title":"The incidence and distribution of stress fractures in competitive track and field athletes","volume":"24","author":"Bennell","year":"1996"},{"key":"ref11","series-title":"Clin J Sports Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1097\/00042752-199604000-00004","article-title":"Stress fractures: a review of 180 cases","volume":"6","author":"Brukner","year":"1996"},{"key":"ref12","series-title":"J Orthop Res","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.1100080417","article-title":"Fatigue fractures in Thoroughbred racehorses: relationships with age, peak bone strain, and training","volume":"8","author":"Nunamaker","year":"1990"},{"key":"ref13","series-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br","first-page":"370","article-title":"Experimental stress fractures of the tibia. Biological and mechanical aetiology in rabbits","volume":"72","author":"Burr","year":"1990"},{"key":"ref14","series-title":"Skeletal Radiol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"937","DOI":"10.1007\/s00256-011-1154-y","article-title":"The os supranaviculare and navicular stress fractures","volume":"40","author":"Ingalls","year":"2011"},{"key":"ref15","series-title":"Vet Rec","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.148.10.308","article-title":"Asymmetric densiometric and mechanical adaptation of the left fifth metacarpal bone in racing Greyhounds","volume":"148","author":"Lipscomb","year":"2001"},{"key":"ref16","series-title":"Br J Sports Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.30.3.200","article-title":"Models for the pathogenesis of stress fractures in athletes","volume":"30","author":"Bennell","year":"1996"},{"key":"ref17","series-title":"J Sports Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1177\/036354657500300502","article-title":"Stress fractures in athletes","volume":"3","author":"McBryde","year":"1975"},{"key":"ref18","series-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br","first-page":"540","article-title":"Compression stress fractures in man and the Greyhound","volume":"43","author":"Devas","year":"1961"},{"key":"ref19","series-title":"Calcif Tissue Int","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1007\/s002230001129","article-title":"Fractographic examination of racing Greyhound central (navicular) tarsal bone failure surfaces using scanning electron microscopy","volume":"67","author":"Tomlin","year":"2000"},{"key":"ref20","series-title":"Nature","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.1038\/438753a","article-title":"Biomechanics: no force limit on Greyhound sprint speed","volume":"438","author":"Usherwood","year":"2005"},{"key":"ref21","series-title":"J Orthop Trauma","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1097\/BOT.0b013e318172841c","article-title":"Low-energy femoral shaft fractures associated with alendronate use","volume":"22","author":"Neviaser","year":"2008"},{"key":"ref22","series-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2556","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.H.01774","article-title":"Bilateral low-energy simultaneous or sequential femoral fractures in patients on long-term alendronate therapy","volume":"91","author":"Capeci","year":"2009"},{"key":"ref23","series-title":"J Biomech","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9290(82)90002-1","article-title":"Effect of prolonged walking on concrete on the knees of sheep","volume":"15","author":"Radin","year":"1982"},{"key":"ref24","series-title":"Sports Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.2165\/00007256-200838040-00005","article-title":"Imaging of lower extremity stress fracture injuries","volume":"38","author":"Moran","year":"2008"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Veterinary Research"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/view\/journals\/ajvr\/73\/3\/ajvr.73.3.375.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/ajvr\/73\/3\/ajvr.73.3.375.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/ajvr\/73\/3\/ajvr.73.3.375.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]],"date-time":"2026-04-09T20:08:05Z","timestamp":1775765285000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/view\/journals\/ajvr\/73\/3\/ajvr.73.3.375.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,3]]},"references-count":48,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2460\/ajvr.73.3.375","relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-9645"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0002-9645","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,3]]}}}