{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]],"date-time":"2026-02-10T16:11:15Z","timestamp":1770739875582,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["ajvr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Objective<\/jats:bold>\u2014To compare the effects of meloxicam, carprofen, and flunixin meglumine administered IV on the concentration of prostaglandin E<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> (PGE<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>) in the aqueous humor of dogs with aqueocentesis-induced anterior uveitis.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Animals<\/jats:bold>\u201415 adult dogs with ophthalmically normal eyes.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Procedures<\/jats:bold>\u2014Each dog was assigned to 1 of 4 treatment groups. Treatment groups were saline (0.9% NaCl) solution (1 mL, IV), meloxicam (0.2 mg\/kg, IV), carprofen (4.4 mg\/kg, IV), and flunixin meglumine (0.5 mg\/kg, IV). Each dog was anesthetized, treatment was administered, and aqueocentesis was performed on each eye at 30 and 60 minutes after treatment. Aqueous humor samples were frozen at \u221280\u00b0C until assayed for PGE<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> concentration with an enzyme immunoassay kit.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>\u2014For all 4 treatment groups, PGE<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> concentration was significantly higher in samples obtained 60 minutes after treatment, compared with that in samples obtained 30 minutes after treatment, which indicated aqueocentesis-induced PGE<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> synthesis. For aqueous humor samples obtained 60 minutes after treatment, PGE<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> concentration did not differ significantly among groups treated with saline solution, meloxicam, and carprofen; however, the PGE<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> concentration for the group treated with flunixin meglumine was significantly lower than that for each of the other 3 treatment groups.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions and Clinical Relevance<\/jats:bold>\u2014Flunixin meglumine was more effective than meloxicam or carprofen for minimizing the PGE<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> concentration in the aqueous humor of dogs with experimentally induced uveitis. Flunixin meglumine may be an appropriate pre-medication for use prior to intraocular surgery in dogs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.73.5.698","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,4,25]],"date-time":"2012-04-25T18:13:49Z","timestamp":1335377629000},"page":"698-703","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Comparison of the effects of IV administration of meloxicam, carprofen, and flunixin meglumine on prostaglandin E2 concentration in aqueous humor of dogs with aqueocentesis-induced anterior uveitis"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"73","author":[{"given":"Margi A.","family":"Gilmour","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mark E.","family":"Payton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"key":"ref1","series-title":"Exp Eye Res","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-4835(75)90139-6","article-title":"Disruption of the blood-aqueous barrier following paracentesis in the rabbit","volume":"20","author":"Unger","year":"1975"},{"key":"ref2","series-title":"Am J Vet Res","first-page":"1302","article-title":"Effects of prostaglandin F2\u03b1 and leukotriene D4 on pupil size, intraocular pressure, and blood-aqueous barrier in dogs","volume":"53","author":"Dziezyc","year":"1992"},{"key":"ref3","series-title":"Ocul Immunol Inflamm","first-page":"187","article-title":"Blood-aqueous barrier in prostaglandin EP2 receptor knockout mice","volume":"3","author":"Bhattacherjee","year":"2002"},{"key":"ref4","series-title":"Ophthalmic Res","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1159\/000074074","article-title":"Effects of topical corticosteroids and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on prostaglandin E2-induced aqueous flare elevation in pigmented rabbits","volume":"35","author":"Hayasaka","year":"2003"},{"key":"ref5","series-title":"J Ocul Pharmacol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1089\/jop.1986.2.165","article-title":"Effect of flunixin meglumine on the breakdown of the blood-aqueous barrier following paracentesis in the canine eye","volume":"2","author":"Regnier","year":"1986"},{"key":"ref6","series-title":"Am J Vet Res","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"902","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.70.7.902","article-title":"Comparison of tepoxalin, carprofen, and meloxicam for reducing intraocular inflammation in dogs","volume":"70","author":"Gilmour","year":"2009"},{"key":"ref7","series-title":"Am J Vet Res","first-page":"1279","article-title":"Acute effects of anti-inflammatory drugs on neodymium:yttrium aluminum garnet laser-induced uveitis in dogs","volume":"52","author":"Millichamp","year":"1991"},{"key":"ref8","series-title":"Am J Vet Res","first-page":"420","article-title":"Effects of flunixin meglumine and dexamethasone on aqueous protein values after intraocular surgery in the dog","volume":"48","author":"Krohne","year":"1987"},{"key":"ref9","series-title":"Prog Clin Biol Res","first-page":"293","article-title":"Mediation of the ocular response to injury and irritation: peptides versus prostaglandins","volume":"312","author":"Unger","year":"1989"},{"key":"ref10","series-title":"Beyond pain control. 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