{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,2]],"date-time":"2025-07-02T11:48:03Z","timestamp":1751456883783,"version":"3.38.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["ajvr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Objective<\/jats:bold>\u2014To determine whether the extent of disease in dogs with lymphoma can be assessed via flow cytometry and to evaluate the suitability of fine-needle aspirates from the liver and spleen of dogs for flow cytometric examination.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Animals<\/jats:bold>\u201444 dogs with multicentric B-cell (n = 35) or T-cell lymphoma (9) and 5 healthy control dogs.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Procedures<\/jats:bold>\u2014Peripheral blood and bone marrow samples and fine-needle aspirates of lymph node, liver, and spleen were examined via flow cytometry. Logarithmically transformed T-cell\u2013to\u2013B-cell percentage ratio (log[T:B]) values were calculated. Thresholds defined by use of log(T:B) values of samples from control dogs were used to determine extranodal lymphoma involvement in lymphoma-affected dogs; results were compared with cytologic findings.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>\u201412 of 245 (5%) samples (9 liver, 1 spleen, and 2 bone marrow) had insufficient cellularity for flow cytometric evaluation. Mean log(T:B) values of samples from dogs with B-cell lymphoma were significantly lower than those of samples from the same site in dogs with T-cell lymphoma and in control dogs. In dogs with T-cell lymphoma, the log(T:B) of lymph node, bone marrow, and spleen samples was significantly higher than in control dogs. Of 165 samples assessed for extranodal lymphoma involvement, 116 (70%) tested positive via flow cytometric analysis; results agreed with cytologic findings in 133 of 161 (83%) samples evaluated via both methods.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions and Clinical Relevance<\/jats:bold>\u2014Results suggested that flow cytometry may aid in detection of extranodal lymphoma involvement in dogs, but further research is needed. Most fine-needle aspirates of liver and spleen were suitable for flow cytometric evaluation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.73.6.884","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,5,23]],"date-time":"2012-05-23T20:02:35Z","timestamp":1337803355000},"page":"884-893","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Flow cytometric evaluation of peripheral blood and bone marrow and fine-needle aspirate samples from multiple sites in dogs with multicentric lymphoma"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"73","author":[{"given":"Alexa E.","family":"Joetzke","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nina","family":"Eberle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ingo","family":"Nolte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Reinhard","family":"Mischke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniela","family":"Simon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"key":"ref1","series-title":"Bibl Haematol","first-page":"403","article-title":"The epidemiology of canine leukemia and lymphoma","volume":"36","author":"Dorn","year":"1970"},{"key":"ref2","series-title":"J Small Anim Pract","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-5827.2001.tb02485.x","article-title":"Prognostic variables in canine multicentric lymphosarcoma","volume":"42","author":"Dobson","year":"2001"},{"key":"ref3","series-title":"Cancer Metastasis Rev","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00046339","article-title":"Spontaneous tumors in dogs and cats: models for the study of cancer biology and treatment","volume":"9","author":"MacEwen","year":"1990"},{"key":"ref4","series-title":"Vet Q","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1080\/01652176.1994.9694451","article-title":"Canine malignant lymphoma: a review and comparison with human non-Hodgkin's lymphoma","volume":"16","author":"Teske","year":"1994"},{"key":"ref5","series-title":"N Engl J Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1604","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198506203122504","article-title":"The Will Rogers phenomenon. Stage migration and new diagnostic techniques as a source of misleading statistics for survival in cancer","volume":"312","author":"Feinstein","year":"1985"},{"key":"ref6","series-title":"Cancer","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1589","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(20010415)91:8+<1589::AID-CNCR1170>3.0.CO;2-K","article-title":"TNM: principles, history, and relation to other prognostic factors","volume":"91","author":"Sobin","year":"2001"},{"key":"ref7","series-title":"TNM classification of tumours in domestic animals","first-page":"46","author":"Owen","year":"1980"},{"key":"ref8","series-title":"Vet Radiol Ultrasound","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1740-8261.1984.tb02137.x","article-title":"Ultrasonic patterns of canine hepatic lymphosarcoma","volume":"25","author":"Nyland","year":"1984"},{"key":"ref9","series-title":"Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1123","DOI":"10.1016\/S0195-5616(85)50361-7","article-title":"Sonography of the liver, gallbladder, and spleen","volume":"15","author":"Nyland","year":"1985"},{"key":"ref10","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"1565","article-title":"Ultrasonographic features of splenic lymphosarcoma in dogs: 12 cases (1980\u20131986)","volume":"193","author":"Wrigley","year":"1988"},{"key":"ref11","series-title":"Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1313","DOI":"10.1016\/S0195-5616(02)00052-9","article-title":"Cytology of bone marrow","volume":"32","author":"Grindem","year":"2002"},{"key":"ref12","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"1427","article-title":"Prevalence of leukemic blood and bone marrow in dogs with multicentric lymphoma","volume":"194","author":"Raskin","year":"1989"},{"key":"ref13","series-title":"J Vet Intern Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.1987.tb01997.x","article-title":"Fine-needle aspiration of the spleen as an aid in the diagnosis of splenomegaly","volume":"1","author":"O'Keefe","year":"1987"},{"key":"ref14","series-title":"Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1267","DOI":"10.1016\/S0195-5616(02)00047-5","article-title":"Liver cytology","volume":"32","author":"Weiss","year":"2002"},{"key":"ref15","series-title":"Vet Clin Pathol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-165X.2001.tb00254.x","article-title":"Comparison of liver cytology and biopsy diagnoses in dogs and cats: 56 cases","volume":"30","author":"Roth","year":"2001"},{"key":"ref16","series-title":"Vet Pathol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1354\/vp.41-5-461","article-title":"A multistep approach in the cytologic evaluation of liver biopsy samples of dogs with hepatic diseases","volume":"41","author":"Stockhaus","year":"2004"},{"key":"ref17","series-title":"Cancer","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"480","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19900801)66:3<480::AID-CNCR2820660314>3.0.CO;2-X","article-title":"Lymphomas in dogs. A morphologic, immunologic, and clinical study","volume":"66","author":"Greenlee","year":"1990"},{"key":"ref18","series-title":"J Vet Intern Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"710","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2004.tb02610.x","article-title":"Flow cytometric immunophenotype of canine lymph node aspirates","volume":"18","author":"Gibson","year":"2004"},{"key":"ref19","series-title":"J Vet Diagn Invest","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1177\/104063870501700404","article-title":"Use of fine needle aspirates and flow cytometry for the diagnosis, classification, and immunophenotyping of canine lymphomas","volume":"17","author":"S\u00f6zmen","year":"2005"},{"key":"ref20","series-title":"Vet Immunol Immunopathol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2005.02.020","article-title":"Lineage differentiation of canine lymphoma\/leukemias and aberrant expression of CD molecules","volume":"106","author":"Wilkerson","year":"2005"},{"key":"ref21","series-title":"J Vet Med A Physiol Pathol Clin Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1439-0442.2001.00351.x","article-title":"Possibilities of flow cytometric analysis for immunophenotypic characterization of canine lymphoma","volume":"48","author":"Culmsee","year":"2001"},{"key":"ref22","series-title":"J Vet Med A Physiol Pathol Clin Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1439-0442.2002.00455.x","article-title":"Cytometric evaluation of peripheral blood lymphocytes in dogs with lymphoma during chemotherapy","volume":"49","author":"Winnicka","year":"2002"},{"key":"ref23","series-title":"Vet Clin Pathol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-165X.1998.tb01075.x","article-title":"Immunophenotypic comparison of blood and lymph node from dogs with lymphoma","volume":"27","author":"Grindem","year":"1998"},{"key":"ref24","series-title":"Vet Immunol Immunopathol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2004.12.002","article-title":"Lymphatic organ development in dogs: major lymphocyte subsets and activity","volume":"104","author":"Faldyna","year":"2005"},{"key":"ref25","series-title":"J Vet Med Sci","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1292\/jvms.65.157","article-title":"Phenotypic analysis of hepatic lymphocytes from healthy dogs","volume":"65","author":"Sakai","year":"2003"},{"key":"ref26","series-title":"Parasitol Res","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-008-1237-4","article-title":"Evaluation of the influence of tissue parasite density on hematological and phenotypic cellular parameters of circulating leukocytes and splenocytes during ongoing canine visceral leishmaniasis","volume":"104","author":"Guerra","year":"2009"},{"key":"ref27","series-title":"Clin Immunol Immunopathol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1016\/0090-1229(89)90192-X","article-title":"Procedural guidelines for performing immunophenotyping by flow cytometry","volume":"52","author":"Landay","year":"1989"},{"key":"ref28","series-title":"Clin Chem Lab Med","first-page":"775","article-title":"Flow-cytometric immunophenotyping of normal and malignant lymphocytes","volume":"44","author":"Szczepanski","year":"2006"},{"key":"ref29","series-title":"Vet Immunol Immunopathol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-2427(92)90181-O","article-title":"Identification of canine T-lymphocyte subsets with monoclonal antibodies","volume":"33","author":"Gebhard","year":"1992"},{"key":"ref30","series-title":"Endoscopy","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2005-921111","article-title":"Transgastric endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy and flow cytometry of suspected lymphoma of the spleen","volume":"38","author":"Eloubeidi","year":"2006"},{"key":"ref31","series-title":"Histopathology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2559.1987.tb02668.x","article-title":"Flow cytometric detection of B-clonal excess in fine needle aspirates for enhanced diagnostic accuracy in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in adults","volume":"11","author":"Johnson","year":"1987"},{"key":"ref32","series-title":"Cancer","first-page":"55","article-title":"Fine-needle cytology and flow cytometry immunophenotyping and subclassification of non-Hodgkin lymphoma: a critical review of 307 cases with technical suggestions","volume":"102","author":"Zeppa","year":"2004"},{"key":"ref33","series-title":"Cancer","first-page":"118","article-title":"Fine-needle aspiration biopsy and flow cytometry immunophenotyping of lymphoid and myeloproliferative disorders of the spleen","volume":"99","author":"Zeppa","year":"2003"},{"key":"ref34","series-title":"Cancer","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0142(19980825)84:4<252::AID-CNCR11>3.0.CO;2-R","article-title":"Utilization of fine-needle aspiration cytology and flow cytometry in the diagnosis and subclassification of primary and recurrent lymphoma","volume":"84","author":"Young","year":"1998"},{"key":"ref35","series-title":"Blood","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3941","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2007-11-120535","article-title":"Flow cytometric immunophenotyping for hematologic neoplasms","volume":"111","author":"Craig","year":"2008"},{"issue":"suppl 1","key":"ref36","series-title":"Cytometry B Clin Cytom","first-page":"S5","article-title":"2006 Bethesda International Consensus recommendations on the flow cytometric immunophenotypic analysis of hematolymphoid neoplasia: medical indications","volume":"72","author":"Davis","year":"2007"},{"key":"ref37","series-title":"Cancer","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"894","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0142(20000215)88:4<894::AID-CNCR21>3.0.CO;2-O","article-title":"Bone marrow staging of patients with non-Hodgkin lymphoma by flow cytometry: correlation with morphology","volume":"88","author":"Duggan","year":"2000"},{"key":"ref38","series-title":"Am J Clin Pathol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcp\/110.3.341","article-title":"Enhanced detection of malignant lymphoma in cerebrospinal fluid by multiparameter flow cytometry","volume":"110","author":"Finn","year":"1998"},{"key":"ref39","series-title":"Am J Clin Pathol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1309\/QF6N-VAQW-N74H-4JE2","article-title":"Immunophenotypic analysis of peripheral T-cell neoplasms. A multiparameter flow cytometric approach","volume":"116","author":"Jamal","year":"2001"},{"key":"ref40","series-title":"Zentralbl Veterinarmed A","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0442.1996.tb00489.x","article-title":"Immunohistochemical examination of light-chain expression (lambda\/kappa ratio) in canine, feline, equine, bovine and porcine plasma cells","volume":"43","author":"Arun","year":"1996"},{"key":"ref41","series-title":"Vet Immunol Immunopathol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2007.09.018","article-title":"Aberrant phenotypes and quantitative antigen expression in different subtypes of canine lymphoma by flow cytometry","volume":"121","author":"Gelain","year":"2008"},{"key":"ref42","series-title":"J Vet Intern Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1041","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2007.tb03062.x","article-title":"Stage migration in dogs with lymphoma","volume":"21","author":"Flory","year":"2007"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Veterinary Research"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/view\/journals\/ajvr\/73\/6\/ajvr.73.6.884.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/ajvr\/73\/6\/ajvr.73.6.884.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/ajvr\/73\/6\/ajvr.73.6.884.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,7]],"date-time":"2025-03-07T12:31:00Z","timestamp":1741350660000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/view\/journals\/ajvr\/73\/6\/ajvr.73.6.884.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,6]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2460\/ajvr.73.6.884","relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-9645"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0002-9645"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,6]]}}}