{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]],"date-time":"2026-04-09T21:09:08Z","timestamp":1775768948474,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"8","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["ajvr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Objective<\/jats:bold>\n                    \u2014To evaluate the refractive error induced by intraocular administration of silicone oil (SiO) in dogs.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Animals<\/jats:bold>\n                    \u201447 client-owned dogs evaluated for blindness secondary to retinal detachment.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Procedures<\/jats:bold>\n                    \u20143-port pars plana vitrectomy with perfluoro-octane and SiO exchange (1,000- or 5,000-centistoke SiO) was performed in 1 or both eyes for all dogs (n = 63 eyes), depending on which eye or eyes were affected. Dogs were normotensive, had complete oil filling of the eyes, and were examined in a standing position for retinoscopic examination of both eyes (including healthy eyes).\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>\n                    \u2014The mean refractive error for SiO-filled phakic and pseudophakic eyes was 2.67 and 3.24 D, respectively. The mean refractive error for SiO-filled aphakic eyes was 6.50 D. Dogs in which 5,000-centistoke SiO was used had consistently greater positive refractive errors (mean, 3.45 D), compared with dogs in which 1,000-centistoke SiO was used (mean, 2.10 D); however, the difference was nonsignificant. There was no significant linear relationship between refractive error and the number of days between surgery and retinoscopy.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Conclusions and Clinical Relevance<\/jats:bold>\n                    \u2014Hyperopia was observed in all dogs that underwent SiO tamponade, regardless of lens status (phakic, pseudophakic, or aphakic). Aphakic eyes underwent a myopic shift when filled with SiO. Pseudophakic eyes appeared to be more hyperopic than phakic eyes when filled with SiO; however, additional investigation is needed to confirm the study findings.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.73.8.1299","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,7,31]],"date-time":"2012-07-31T11:59:11Z","timestamp":1343735951000},"page":"1299-1304","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Refractive state following retinal reattachment and silicone oil tamponade in dogs"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"73","author":[{"given":"Allison","family":"Hoffman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joe","family":"Wolfer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Laurence","family":"Occelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Terry W.","family":"Lehenbauer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Sapienza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jenny M.","family":"Novak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kelli L.","family":"Combs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kricket A.","family":"Konrade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"key":"ref1","series-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci","first-page":"647","article-title":"Factors contributing to the emulsification of intraocular silicone and fluorosilicone oils","volume":"31","author":"Nakamura","year":"1990"},{"key":"ref2","series-title":"Ophthalmology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(86)33685-6","article-title":"The question of ocular tolerance to intravitreal liquid silicone. 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Silicone study report 6","volume":"112","author":"Hutton","year":"1994"},{"key":"ref14","series-title":"Br J Ophthalmol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.71.4.262","article-title":"Silicone oil with high specific gravity for intraocular use","volume":"71","author":"Gabel","year":"1987"},{"key":"ref15","series-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci","first-page":"2459","article-title":"Myopia and refractive error in dogs","volume":"33","author":"Murphy","year":"1992"},{"key":"ref16","series-title":"Retina","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1097\/00006982-200502000-00009","article-title":"Refractive changes in silicone oil-filled pseudophakic eyes","volume":"25","author":"Hotta","year":"2005"},{"key":"ref17","series-title":"J Cataract Refract Surg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"726","DOI":"10.1016\/S0886-3350(96)80311-7","article-title":"Predicted and actual refraction after intraocular lens implantation in eyes with silicone oil","volume":"22","author":"Grinbaum","year":"1996"},{"key":"ref18","series-title":"Am J Vet Res","first-page":"174","article-title":"Refractive state of aphakic and pseudophakic eyes of dogs","volume":"54","author":"Davidson","year":"1993"},{"issue":"suppl 2","key":"ref19","series-title":"Ophthalmic Physiol Opt","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S49","DOI":"10.1016\/S0275-5408(98)00027-1","article-title":"Silicone oil negated the need for an aphakia contact lens","volume":"18","author":"Astin","year":"1998"},{"key":"ref20","series-title":"Eye (Lond)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1038\/eye.1990.32","article-title":"Refractive changes in silicone filled eyes","volume":"4","author":"Smith","year":"1990"},{"key":"ref21","series-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3529","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.08-2802","article-title":"Refractive shifts in four selected artificial vitreous substitutes based on Gullstrand-Emsley and Liou-Brennan schematic eyes","volume":"50","author":"Gao","year":"2009"},{"key":"ref22","series-title":"Retina","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1097\/00006982-198808010-00004","article-title":"Optics of the eye with air or silicone oil","volume":"8","author":"Stefansson","year":"1988"},{"key":"ref23","series-title":"Retina","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1097\/00006982-198808010-00005","article-title":"Refractive changes from use of silicone oil in vitreous surgery","volume":"8","author":"Stefansson","year":"1988"},{"key":"ref24","series-title":"J Fr Ophtalmol","first-page":"417","article-title":"Changes in refraction after intravitreal silicone oil injections [in French]","volume":"5","author":"Launay","year":"1982"},{"key":"ref25","series-title":"Retina","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1097\/00006982-199717050-00007","article-title":"Effect of head position on refraction in aphakic and phakic silicone-filled eyes","volume":"17","author":"Dick","year":"1997"},{"key":"ref26","series-title":"Am J Vet Res","first-page":"131","article-title":"Keratometry, ultrasonic biometry, and prediction of intraocular lens power in the feline eye","volume":"59","author":"Gilger","year":"1998"},{"key":"ref27","series-title":"Am J Vet Res","first-page":"898","article-title":"Ultrasonographic and biometric evaluation of the eye and orbit of dogs","volume":"50","author":"Cottrill","year":"1989"},{"key":"ref28","series-title":"Eye (Lond)","first-page":"118","article-title":"Biometry of the silicone oil-filled eye","volume":"14","author":"Bolger","year":"2000"},{"key":"ref29","series-title":"Eye (Lond)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.eye.6700176","article-title":"Biometry of the silicone oil-filled eye: II","volume":"16","author":"Murray","year":"2002"},{"key":"ref30","series-title":"Eye (Lond)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1038\/eye.1999.82","article-title":"Biometry of the silicone oil-filled eye","volume":"13","author":"Murray","year":"1999"},{"key":"ref31","series-title":"Acta Ophthalmol Scand","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0420.2000.078001089.x","article-title":"The acoustic lighthouse effect. An ultrasonic response met in eyes after vitreoretinal surgery with silicone oil","volume":"78","author":"Fledelius","year":"2000"},{"key":"ref32","series-title":"Retina","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1097\/00006982-200210000-00009","article-title":"The problems of biometry in combined silicone oil removal and cataract extraction: a clinical trial","volume":"22","author":"Ghoraba","year":"2002"},{"key":"ref33","series-title":"Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"967","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-004-1117-2","article-title":"Biometry and refractive outcome of eyes filled with silicone oil by standardized echography and partial coherence interferometry","volume":"243","author":"Nepp","year":"2005"},{"key":"ref34","series-title":"Br J Ophthalmol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.2008.147868","article-title":"Comparison of A-scan and MRI for the measurement of axial length in silicone oil-filled eyes","volume":"93","author":"Bencic","year":"2009"},{"key":"ref35","series-title":"Br J Ophthalmol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.86.1.47","article-title":"Measurement of axial length of eyes with incomplete filling of silicone oil in the vitreous cavity using x-ray computed tomography","volume":"86","author":"Takei","year":"2002"},{"key":"ref36","series-title":"Korean J Ophthalmol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.3341\/kjo.1999.13.1.25","article-title":"Changes in refraction and axial length according to the viscosity of silicone oil","volume":"13","author":"Seo","year":"1999"},{"key":"ref1","series-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci","first-page":"647","article-title":"Factors contributing to the emulsification of intraocular silicone and fluorosilicone oils","volume":"31","author":"Nakamura","year":"1990"},{"key":"ref2","series-title":"Ophthalmology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(86)33685-6","article-title":"The question of ocular tolerance to intravitreal liquid silicone. 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Silicone study report 6","volume":"112","author":"Hutton","year":"1994"},{"key":"ref14","series-title":"Br J Ophthalmol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.71.4.262","article-title":"Silicone oil with high specific gravity for intraocular use","volume":"71","author":"Gabel","year":"1987"},{"key":"ref15","series-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci","first-page":"2459","article-title":"Myopia and refractive error in dogs","volume":"33","author":"Murphy","year":"1992"},{"key":"ref16","series-title":"Retina","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1097\/00006982-200502000-00009","article-title":"Refractive changes in silicone oil-filled pseudophakic eyes","volume":"25","author":"Hotta","year":"2005"},{"key":"ref17","series-title":"J Cataract Refract Surg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"726","DOI":"10.1016\/S0886-3350(96)80311-7","article-title":"Predicted and actual refraction after intraocular lens implantation in eyes with silicone oil","volume":"22","author":"Grinbaum","year":"1996"},{"key":"ref18","series-title":"Am J Vet Res","first-page":"174","article-title":"Refractive state of aphakic and pseudophakic eyes of dogs","volume":"54","author":"Davidson","year":"1993"},{"issue":"suppl 2","key":"ref19","series-title":"Ophthalmic Physiol Opt","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S49","DOI":"10.1016\/S0275-5408(98)00027-1","article-title":"Silicone oil negated the need for an aphakia contact lens","volume":"18","author":"Astin","year":"1998"},{"key":"ref20","series-title":"Eye (Lond)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1038\/eye.1990.32","article-title":"Refractive changes in silicone filled eyes","volume":"4","author":"Smith","year":"1990"},{"key":"ref21","series-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3529","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.08-2802","article-title":"Refractive shifts in four selected artificial vitreous substitutes based on Gullstrand-Emsley and Liou-Brennan schematic eyes","volume":"50","author":"Gao","year":"2009"},{"key":"ref22","series-title":"Retina","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1097\/00006982-198808010-00004","article-title":"Optics of the eye with air or silicone oil","volume":"8","author":"Stefansson","year":"1988"},{"key":"ref23","series-title":"Retina","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1097\/00006982-198808010-00005","article-title":"Refractive changes from use of silicone oil in vitreous surgery","volume":"8","author":"Stefansson","year":"1988"},{"key":"ref24","series-title":"J Fr Ophtalmol","first-page":"417","article-title":"Changes in refraction after intravitreal silicone oil injections [in French]","volume":"5","author":"Launay","year":"1982"},{"key":"ref25","series-title":"Retina","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1097\/00006982-199717050-00007","article-title":"Effect of head position on refraction in aphakic and phakic silicone-filled eyes","volume":"17","author":"Dick","year":"1997"},{"key":"ref26","series-title":"Am J Vet Res","first-page":"131","article-title":"Keratometry, ultrasonic biometry, and prediction of intraocular lens power in the feline eye","volume":"59","author":"Gilger","year":"1998"},{"key":"ref27","series-title":"Am J Vet Res","first-page":"898","article-title":"Ultrasonographic and biometric evaluation of the eye and orbit of dogs","volume":"50","author":"Cottrill","year":"1989"},{"key":"ref28","series-title":"Eye (Lond)","first-page":"118","article-title":"Biometry of the silicone oil-filled eye","volume":"14","author":"Bolger","year":"2000"},{"key":"ref29","series-title":"Eye (Lond)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.eye.6700176","article-title":"Biometry of the silicone oil-filled eye: II","volume":"16","author":"Murray","year":"2002"},{"key":"ref30","series-title":"Eye (Lond)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1038\/eye.1999.82","article-title":"Biometry of the silicone oil-filled eye","volume":"13","author":"Murray","year":"1999"},{"key":"ref31","series-title":"Acta Ophthalmol Scand","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0420.2000.078001089.x","article-title":"The acoustic lighthouse effect. 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