{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T16:26:44Z","timestamp":1790008004872,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"9","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["ajvr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Objective<\/jats:bold>\u2014To identify suitable reference genes for normalization of real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) assay data for common tumors of dogs.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Sample<\/jats:bold>\u2014Malignant lymph node (n = 8), appendicular osteosarcoma (9), and histiocytic sarcoma (12) samples and control samples of various nonneoplastic canine tissues.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Procedures<\/jats:bold>\u2014Array-based comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) data were used to guide selection of 9 candidate reference genes. Expression stability of candidate reference genes and 4 commonly used reference genes was determined for tumor samples with RT-qPCR assays and 3 software programs.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>\u2014<jats:italic>LOC611555<\/jats:italic> was the candidate reference gene with the highest expression stability among the 3 tumor types. Of the commonly used reference genes, expression stability of <jats:italic>HPRT<\/jats:italic> was high in histiocytic sarcoma samples, and expression stability of <jats:italic>Ubi and RPL32<\/jats:italic> was high in osteosarcoma samples. Some of the candidate reference genes had higher expression stability than did the commonly used reference genes.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions and Clinical Relevance<\/jats:bold>\u2014Data for constitutively expressed genes with high expression stability are required for normalization of RT-qPCR assay results. Without such data, accurate quantification of gene expression in tumor tissue samples is difficult. Results of the present study indicated <jats:italic>LOC611555<\/jats:italic> may be a useful RT-qPCR assay reference gene for multiple tissue types. Some commonly used reference genes may be suitable for normalization of gene expression data for tumors of dogs, such as lymphomas, osteosarcomas, or histiocytic sarcomas.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.73.9.1335","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,27]],"date-time":"2012-08-27T15:35:31Z","timestamp":1346081731000},"page":"1335-1343","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Array-based comparative genomic hybridization\u2013guided identification of reference genes for normalization of real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction assay data for lymphomas, histiocytic sarcomas, and osteosarcomas of 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