{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T03:54:45Z","timestamp":1787025285104,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["ajvr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,1]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n Objective<\/jats:bold>\n \u2014To compare acoustic startle reflexes (ASRs) of healthy cats and cats with interstitial cystitis (IC).\n <\/jats:p>\n \n Animals<\/jats:bold>\n \u201428 healthy cats (11 males and 17 females) and 20 cats with IC (13 males and 7 females).\n <\/jats:p>\n \n Procedures<\/jats:bold>\n \u2014To evaluate the effect of neutering on ASRs, ASRs in neutered and unneutered healthy cats were measured. To evaluate the effect of housing facility acclimation on ASRs in cats with IC, ASRs were measured in cats with IC within 1 month after arrival at the housing facility and again 2 to 3 months after arrival. To evaluate the effect of the environment on ASRs, ASRs were evaluated in all cats with and without IC after acclimation but before and then after environmental enrichment.\n <\/jats:p>\n \n Results<\/jats:bold>\n \u2014Neutering led to a significant decrease in overall ASR in the healthy cats. Habituation to the housing facility resulted in a significant decrease in overall ASR of female but not male cats with IC. Environmental enrichment led to a significant decrease in ASR in cats with IC but not in healthy cats.\n <\/jats:p>\n \n Conclusions and Clinical Relevance<\/jats:bold>\n \u2014The magnitude of the ASR appeared to be sensitive to environmental conditions and affected by sex, both in healthy cats and cats with IC. It was also higher in cats with IC versus healthy cats, except when cats were housed in a highly enriched environment.\n <\/jats:p>\n \n Impact for Human Medicine<\/jats:bold>\n \u2014Treatment approaches that include reduction of a patient's perception of environmental unpredictability may benefit humans with IC.\n <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.74.1.144","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,12,27]],"date-time":"2012-12-27T09:06:57Z","timestamp":1356599217000},"page":"144-147","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Effects of interstitial cystitis on the acoustic startle reflex in cats"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"74","author":[{"given":"Devon W.","family":"Hague","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Judi L.","family":"Stella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C. A. Tony","family":"Buffington","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"key":"ref1","series-title":"Med Clin North Am","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2010.08.014","article-title":"Bladder pain syndrome","volume":"95","author":"Hanno","year":"2011"},{"key":"ref2","series-title":"J Urol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2162","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2011.03.064","article-title":"AUA guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of interstitial cystitis\/bladder pain syndrome","volume":"185","author":"Hanno","year":"2011"},{"key":"ref3","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"682","article-title":"Feline interstitial cystitis","volume":"215","author":"Buffington","year":"1999"},{"key":"ref4","series-title":"J Urol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1242","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ju.0000137953.49304.6c","article-title":"Comorbidity of interstitial 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Urol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2127","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2009.01.025","article-title":"Increased startle responses in interstitial cystitis: evidence for central hyperresponsiveness to visceral related threat","volume":"181","author":"Twiss","year":"2009"},{"key":"ref12","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.238.1.67","article-title":"Sickness behaviors in response to unusual external events in healthy cats and cats with feline interstitial cystitis","volume":"238","author":"Stella","year":"2011"},{"key":"ref13","series-title":"Lithium controversies and unresolved issues","first-page":"841","article-title":"Delayed effects of lithium on the somatosensory evoked response and the acoustic startle reflex in cats and monkeys","author":"Heninger","year":"1979"},{"key":"ref14","series-title":"Health 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Surg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfms.2006.02.002","article-title":"Clinical evaluation of multimodal environmental modification (MEMO) in the management of cats with idiopathic cystitis","volume":"8","author":"Buffington","year":"2006"},{"key":"ref18","series-title":"J Urol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"958","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2010.04.083","article-title":"Gating of sensory information differs in patients with interstitial cystitis\/painful bladder syndrome","volume":"184","author":"Kilpatrick","year":"2010"},{"key":"ref19","series-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.60.3.283","article-title":"Physiologic responses to sudden, loud tones in monozygotic twins discordant for combat exposure: association with posttraumatic stress disorder","volume":"60","author":"Orr","year":"2003"},{"key":"ref20","series-title":"Am J Vet 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