{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T18:23:31Z","timestamp":1790792611787,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["ajvr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Objective<\/jats:bold>\u2014To evaluate the effectiveness of reduction of inspired oxygen fraction (F<jats:sc>io<\/jats:sc><jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>) or application of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) after an alveolar recruitment maneuver (ARM) in minimizing anesthesia-induced atelectasis in dogs.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Animals<\/jats:bold>\u201430 healthy female dogs.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Procedures<\/jats:bold>\u2014During anesthesia and neuromuscular blockade, dogs were mechanically ventilated under baseline conditions (tidal volume, 12 mL\/kg; inspiratory-to-expiratory ratio, 1:2; F<jats:sc>io<\/jats:sc><jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>, 1; and zero end-expiratory pressure [ZEEP]). After 40 minutes, lungs were inflated (airway pressure, 40 cm H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O) for 20 seconds. Dogs were then exposed to baseline conditions (ZEEP100 group), baseline conditions with F<jats:sc>io<\/jats:sc><jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> reduced to 0.4 (ZEEP40 group), or baseline conditions with PEEP at 5 cm H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O (PEEP100 group; 10 dogs\/group). For each dog, arterial blood gas variables and respiratory system mechanics were evaluated and CT scans of the thorax were obtained before and at 5 (T5) and 30 (T30) minutes after the ARM.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>\u2014Compared with pre-ARM findings, atelectasis decreased and Pa<jats:sc>o<\/jats:sc><jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>:F<jats:sc>io<\/jats:sc><jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> ratio increased at T5 in all groups. At T30, atelectasis and oxygenation returned to pre-ARM findings in the ZEEP100 group but remained similar to T5 findings in the other groups. At T5 and T30, lung static compliance in the PEEP100 group was higher than values in the other groups.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions and Clinical Relevance<\/jats:bold>\u2014Application of airway pressure of 40 cm H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O for 20 seconds followed by F<jats:sc>io<\/jats:sc><jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> reduction to 0.4 or ventilation with PEEP (5 cm H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O) was effective in diminishing anesthesia-induced atelectasis and maintaining lung function in dogs, compared with the effects of mechanical ventilation providing an F<jats:sc>io<\/jats:sc><jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> of 1.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.74.1.25","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,12,27]],"date-time":"2012-12-27T14:06:57Z","timestamp":1356617217000},"page":"25-33","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":54,"title":["Effects of reduction of inspired oxygen fraction or application of positive end-expiratory pressure after an alveolar recruitment maneuver on respiratory mechanics, gas exchange, and lung aeration in dogs during anesthesia and neuromuscular blockade"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"74","author":[{"given":"Valentina","family":"De Monte","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Salvatore","family":"Grasso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carmelinda","family":"De Marzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Crovace","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"Staffieri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"key":"ref1","series-title":"Anesthesiology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"838","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-200504000-00021","article-title":"Pulmonary atelectasis: a pathogenic perioperative entity","volume":"102","author":"Duggan","year":"2005"},{"key":"ref2","series-title":"Minerva Anestesiol","first-page":"332","article-title":"Airway closure, atelectasis and gas exchange during anaesthesia","volume":"68","author":"Hedenstierna","year":"2002"},{"key":"ref3","series-title":"Am J Vet Res","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"925","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.68.9.925","article-title":"Computed tomographic analysis of the effects of two inspired oxygen concentrations on pulmonary aeration in anesthetized and mechanically ventilated dogs","volume":"68","author":"Staffieri","year":"2007"},{"key":"ref4","series-title":"Vet Anaesth Analg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-2995.2010.00567.x","article-title":"Effects of two fractions of inspired oxygen on lung aeration and gas exchange in cats under inhalant anaesthesia","volume":"37","author":"Staffieri","year":"2010"},{"key":"ref5","series-title":"Am J Vet Res","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"867","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.71.8.867","article-title":"Effects of positive end-expiratory pressure on anesthesia-induced atelectasis and gas exchange in anesthetized and mechanically ventilated sheep","volume":"71","author":"Staffieri","year":"2010"},{"key":"ref6","series-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Anaesthesiol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2009.12.002","article-title":"Mechanisms of atelectasis in the perioperative period","volume":"24","author":"Hedenstierna","year":"2010"},{"key":"ref7","series-title":"Anesthesiology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"832","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-199504000-00004","article-title":"Influence of gas composition on recurrence of atelectasis after a reexpansion maneuver during general anesthesia","volume":"82","author":"Rothen","year":"1995"},{"key":"ref8","series-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Anaesthesiol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2010.02.006","article-title":"Prevention and reversal of lung collapse during the intra-operative period","volume":"24","author":"Tusman","year":"2010"},{"key":"ref9","series-title":"Anesth Analg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1835","DOI":"10.1213\/01.ANE.0000087042.02266.F6","article-title":"Prevention of atelectasis formation during induction of general anesthesia","volume":"97","author":"Rusca","year":"2003"},{"key":"ref10","series-title":"Crit Care Clin","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2006.12.001","article-title":"The open lung concept of mechanical ventilation: the role of recruitment and stabilization","volume":"23","author":"Papadakos","year":"2007"},{"key":"ref11","series-title":"Intensive Care Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01694358","article-title":"Open up the lung and keep the lung open","volume":"18","author":"Lachmann","year":"1992"},{"key":"ref12","series-title":"Br J Anaesth","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"788","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/71.6.788","article-title":"Re-expansion of atelectasis during general anaesthesia: a computed tomography study","volume":"71","author":"Rothen","year":"1993"},{"key":"ref13","series-title":"Br J Anaesth","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/82.1.8","article-title":"\u2018Alveolar recruitment strategy\u2019 improves arterial oxygenation during general anaesthesia","volume":"82","author":"Tusman","year":"1999"},{"issue":"suppl 1","key":"ref14","series-title":"Vet Res Commun","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S131","DOI":"10.1007\/s11259-010-9405-2","article-title":"Alveolar recruiting maneuver in dogs under general anesthesia: effects on alveolar ventilation, gas exchange, and respiratory mechanics","volume":"34","author":"Staffieri","year":"2010"},{"key":"ref15","series-title":"Minerva Anestesiol","first-page":"521","article-title":"Assessing dead space. A meaningful variable?","volume":"72","author":"Hedenstierna","year":"2006"},{"key":"ref16","series-title":"N Engl J Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2095","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0708638","article-title":"Mechanical ventilation guided by esophageal pressure in acute lung injury","volume":"359","author":"Talmor","year":"2008"},{"key":"ref17","series-title":"J Appl Physiol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1985.59.2.647","article-title":"Interrupter technique for measurement of respiratory mechanics in anesthetized humans","volume":"59","author":"Gottfried","year":"1985"},{"key":"ref18","series-title":"Intensive Care Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-003-2109-0","article-title":"Lung volume in mechanically ventilated patients: measurement by simplified helium dilution compared to quantitative CT scan","volume":"30","author":"Patroniti","year":"2004"},{"key":"ref19","series-title":"Am J Physiol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplegacy.1952.170.3.606","article-title":"Rate of gas absorption during atelectasis","volume":"170","author":"Dale","year":"1952"},{"key":"ref20","series-title":"Acta Anaesthesiol Scand","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1399-6576.1999.430309.x","article-title":"Positive end-expiratory pressure prevents atelectasis during general anaesthesia even in the presence of a high inspired oxygen concentration","volume":"43","author":"Neumann","year":"1999"},{"key":"ref21","series-title":"Anesthesiology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-198702000-00009","article-title":"Lung collapse and gas exchange during general anesthesia: effects of spontaneous breathing, muscle paralysis, and positive end-expiratory pressure","volume":"66","author":"Tokics","year":"1987"},{"key":"ref22","series-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1620","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200205-435OC","article-title":"Positive end-expiratory pressure after a recruitment maneuver prevents both alveolar collapse and recruitment\/derecruitment","volume":"167","author":"Halter","year":"2003"},{"key":"ref23","series-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis","first-page":"788","article-title":"A simple method for assessing the validity of the esophageal balloon technique","volume":"126","author":"Baydur","year":"1982"},{"key":"ref24","series-title":"Curr Opin Crit Care","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1097\/MCC.0b013e328344dda6","article-title":"Should mechanical ventilation be guided by esophageal pressure measurements?","volume":"17","author":"Plataki","year":"2011"},{"key":"ref25","series-title":"Anesth Analg","first-page":"1432","article-title":"Changes in splanchnic circulation during an alveolar recruitment maneuver in healthy porcine lungs","volume":"98","author":"Nunes","year":"2004"},{"key":"ref26","series-title":"Intensive Care Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1778","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-007-0764-2","article-title":"The safety and efficacy of sustained inflations as a lung recruitment maneuver in pediatric intensive care unit patients","volume":"33","author":"Duff","year":"2007"},{"key":"ref27","series-title":"Anesth Analg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"702","DOI":"10.1213\/00000539-200009000-00039","article-title":"The safety of one, or repeated, vital capacity maneuvers during general anesthesia","volume":"91","author":"Magnusson","year":"2000"},{"key":"ref28","series-title":"Acta Anarsthesiol Scand","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"684","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-6576.1987.tb02646.x","article-title":"Computerized tomography of the chest and gas exchange measurements during ketamine anaesthesia","volume":"31","author":"Tokics","year":"1987"},{"key":"ref29","series-title":"Anesth Analg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1164","DOI":"10.1213\/00000539-199811000-00035","article-title":"The effects of propofol, isoflurane and sevoflurane on oxygenation and shunt fraction during one-lung ventilation","volume":"87","author":"Abe","year":"1998"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Veterinary Research"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/view\/journals\/ajvr\/74\/1\/ajvr.74.1.25.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/ajvr\/74\/1\/ajvr.74.1.25.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/ajvr\/74\/1\/ajvr.74.1.25.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,7]],"date-time":"2025-03-07T12:31:39Z","timestamp":1741350699000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/view\/journals\/ajvr\/74\/1\/ajvr.74.1.25.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,1]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2460\/ajvr.74.1.25","relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-9645"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0002-9645","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,1]]}}}