{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,16]],"date-time":"2026-03-16T16:36:50Z","timestamp":1773679010871,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"12","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["ajvr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Objective<\/jats:bold>\u2014To determine the association between urine osmolality and specific gravity (USG) in dogs and to evaluate the effect of commonly measured urine solutes on that association.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Animals<\/jats:bold>\u201460 dogs evaluated by an internal medicine service.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Procedures<\/jats:bold>\u2014From each dog, urine was obtained by cystocentesis and USG was determined with a refractometer. The sample was divided, and one aliquot was sent to a diagnostic laboratory for urinalysis and the other was frozen at \u221280\u00b0C until osmolality was determined. Urine samples were thawed and osmolality was measured in duplicate with a freezing-point depression osmometer. The correlation between mean urine osmolality and USG was determined; the effect of pH, proteinuria, glucosuria, ketonuria, bilirubinuria, and hemoglobinuria on this relationship was investigated with multiple regression analysis.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>\u2014The Pearson correlation coefficient between urine osmolality and USG was 0.87. The final multivariable regression model for urine osmolality included USG and the presence of ketones; ketonuria had a small negative association with urine osmolality.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions and Clinical Relevance<\/jats:bold>\u2014Results indicated a strong linear correlation between osmolality and USG in urine samples obtained from dogs with various pathological conditions, and ketonuria had a small negative effect on that correlation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.74.12.1542","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,25]],"date-time":"2013-11-25T14:27:42Z","timestamp":1385389662000},"page":"1542-1545","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Association between urine osmolality and specific gravity in dogs and the effect of commonly measured urine solutes on that association"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"74","author":[{"given":"Jennifer A.","family":"Ayoub","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hugues","family":"Beaufrere","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mark J.","family":"Acierno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"key":"ref1","series-title":"Fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base disorders in small animal practice","first-page":"3","article-title":"Applied physiology of body fluids in dogs and cats","author":"Wellman","year":"2006"},{"key":"ref2","series-title":"Review of medical physiology","first-page":"1","article-title":"The general and cellular basis of medical physiology","author":"Ganong","year":"2005"},{"key":"ref3","series-title":"Veterinary hematology and clinical chemistry","first-page":"333","article-title":"Urine concentration","author":"Thrall","year":"2012"},{"key":"ref4","series-title":"Pediatr Nephrol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.1007\/s004670000551","article-title":"Measurement of urinary concentration: a critical appraisal of methodologies","volume":"16","author":"Chadha","year":"2001"},{"key":"ref5","series-title":"Diseases of the kidney and urinary tract","first-page":"299","article-title":"Laboratory evaluation of kidney function","author":"Stevens","year":"2006"},{"key":"ref6","series-title":"Vet Rec","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.100348","article-title":"Comparison of a digital and an optical analogue hand-held refractometer for the measurement of canine urine specific gravity","volume":"170","author":"Paris","year":"2012"},{"key":"ref7","series-title":"J Vet Med A Physiol Pathol Clin Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1439-0442.2003.00542.x","article-title":"Comparison of the techniques of evaluation of urine dilution\/concentration in the dog","volume":"50","author":"Dossin","year":"2003"},{"key":"ref8","series-title":"Fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base disorders in small animal practice","first-page":"47","article-title":"Applied physiology of body fluids in dogs and cats","author":"DiBartolla","year":"2006"},{"key":"ref9","series-title":"Arch Dis Child","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.62.7.671","article-title":"Correlation of specific gravity and osmolality of urine in neonates and adults","volume":"62","author":"Leech","year":"1987"},{"key":"ref10","series-title":"J Clin Lab Anal","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1002\/jcla.20424","article-title":"Is specific gravity a good estimate of urine osmolality?","volume":"24","author":"Imran","year":"2010"},{"key":"ref11","series-title":"Am J Med Sci","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1097\/00000441-200201000-00007","article-title":"The relationship between urine osmolality and specific gravity","volume":"323","author":"Voinescu","year":"2002"},{"key":"ref12","series-title":"Nephrology and urology of small animals","first-page":"46","article-title":"Urinalysis","author":"Fry","year":"2011"},{"key":"ref13","series-title":"Fundamentals of veterinary clinical pathology","first-page":"458","article-title":"Urinary system","author":"Stockham","year":"2008"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Veterinary 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