{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]],"date-time":"2026-04-09T21:08:56Z","timestamp":1775768936100,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["ajvr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Objective<\/jats:bold>\n                    \u2014To compare the diagnostic quality of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid acquired from healthy dogs by manual aspiration via polyethylene tubing (MAPT) and via suction pump aspiration (SPA) with a suction trap connection.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Animals<\/jats:bold>\n                    \u201412 healthy adult Beagles.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Procedures<\/jats:bold>\n                    \u2014BAL was performed with bronchoscopic guidance in anesthetized dogs. The MAPT was performed with a 35-mL syringe attached to polyethylene tubing wedged in a bronchus via the bronchoscope's biopsy channel. The SPA was performed with 5 kPa of negative pressure applied to the bronchoscope's suction valve via a suction trap. The MAPT and SPA techniques were performed in randomized order on opposite caudal lung lobes of each dog. Two 1 mL\/kg lavages were performed per site. Samples of BAL fluid were analyzed on the basis of a semiquantitative quality scale, percentage of retrieved fluid, and total nucleated and differential cell counts. Results were compared with Wilcoxon signed rank tests.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>\n                    \u2014Percentage of BAL fluid retrieved (median difference, 16.2%), surfactant score (median difference, 1), and neutrophil count (median difference, 74 cells\/\u03bcL) were significantly higher for SPA than for MAPT. A higher BAL fluid epithelial cell score was obtained via MAPT, compared with that for samples obtained via SPA (median difference, 1).\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Conclusions and Clinical Relevance<\/jats:bold>\n                    \u2014Results indicated that in healthy dogs, SPA provided a higher percentage of BAL fluid retrieval than did MAPT. The SPA technique may improve the rate of diagnostic success for BAL in dogs, compared with that for MAPT. Further evaluation of these aspiration techniques in dogs with respiratory tract disease is required.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.74.4.523","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,26]],"date-time":"2013-03-26T13:51:21Z","timestamp":1364305881000},"page":"523-529","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Comparison between manual aspiration via polyethylene tubing and aspiration via a suction pump with a suction trap connection for performing bronchoalveolar lavage in healthy dogs"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"74","author":[{"given":"Katharine S.","family":"Woods","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alice M. N.","family":"Defarges","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anthony C. G.","family":"Abrams-Ogg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Howard","family":"Dobson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Laurent","family":"Viel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Brigitte A.","family":"Brisson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dorothee","family":"Bienzle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"key":"ref1","series-title":"Clinical evaluation of the respiratory tract","first-page":"1055","author":"Silverstein","year":"2010"},{"key":"ref2","series-title":"The lung parenchyma","first-page":"242","author":"Mai","year":"2008"},{"key":"ref3","series-title":"J Vet Intern Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.1990.tb03120.x","article-title":"Bronchoalveolar lavage in the evaluation of pulmonary disease in the dog and cat","volume":"4","author":"Hawkins","year":"1990"},{"key":"ref4","series-title":"Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"869","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2009.05.001","article-title":"Airway evaluation and flexible endoscopic procedures in dogs and cats: laryngoscopy, transtracheal wash, tracheobronchoscopy, and bronchoalveolar lavage","volume":"39","author":"Creevy","year":"2009"},{"key":"ref5","series-title":"Bronchoalveolar lavage","first-page":"118","author":"Hawkins","year":"2004"},{"key":"ref6","series-title":"Am J Vet Res","first-page":"335","article-title":"Alveolar lavage in dogs","volume":"44","author":"Brown","year":"1983"},{"key":"ref7","series-title":"Am J Vet Res","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.2001.62.13","article-title":"Effect of repetitive bronchoalveolar lavage on cytologic findings in healthy dogs","volume":"62","author":"Rajam\u00e4ki","year":"2001"},{"key":"ref8","series-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1164\/arrd.1984.130.2.305","article-title":"Processing of lung lavage fluid causes variability in bronchoalveolar cell count","volume":"130","author":"Modelet-Dambrine","year":"1984"},{"key":"ref9","series-title":"Am J Vet Res","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"694","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.72.5.694","article-title":"Comparison of results for weight-adjusted and fixed-amount bronchoalveolar lavage techniques in healthy Beagles","volume":"72","author":"Melamies","year":"2011"},{"key":"ref10","series-title":"Eur Respir J","first-page":"561","article-title":"Technical recommendations and guidelines for bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL)","volume":"2","author":"Klech","year":"1989"},{"key":"ref11","series-title":"Bronchoalveolar lavage guidelines"},{"key":"ref12","series-title":"Bronchoalveolar lavage","first-page":"43","author":"Ward","year":"2001"},{"key":"ref13","series-title":"Transtracheal and bronchoalveolar washes","first-page":"256","author":"English","year":"2008"},{"key":"ref14","series-title":"Semin Respir Crit Care Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-991520","article-title":"Technical aspects of bronchoalveolar lavage: recommendations for a standard procedure","volume":"28","author":"Baughman","year":"2007"},{"key":"ref15","series-title":"Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2008.04.003","article-title":"Bronchoalveolar lavage: sampling technique and guidelines for cytologic preparation and interpretation","volume":"24","author":"Hoffman","year":"2008"},{"key":"ref16","series-title":"J Vet Intern Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.1995.tb03298.x","article-title":"Cytological analysis of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in the diagnosis of spontaneous respiratory tract disease in dogs: a retrospective study","volume":"9","author":"Hawkins","year":"1995"},{"key":"ref17","series-title":"Chest","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"856","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.88.6.856","article-title":"Effect of bronchial lavage volume on cellular and protein recovery","volume":"88","author":"Lam","year":"1985"},{"key":"ref18","series-title":"Drugs affecting the respiratory system","first-page":"229","author":"Boothe","year":"2004"},{"key":"ref19","series-title":"Can J Biochem Physiol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"911","DOI":"10.1139\/y59-099","article-title":"A rapid method of total lipid extraction and purification","volume":"37","author":"Bligh","year":"1959"},{"key":"ref20","series-title":"Vet Clin Pathol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"532","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-165X.2009.00160.x","article-title":"Differential cell counts in canine cytocentrifuged bronchoalveolar lavage fluid: a study on reliable enumeration of each cell type","volume":"38","author":"De Lorenzi","year":"2009"},{"key":"ref21","series-title":"Am J Vet Res","first-page":"282","article-title":"Differential cell analysis and phenotypic subtyping of lymphocytes in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from clinically normal dogs","volume":"56","author":"Vail","year":"1995"},{"key":"ref22","series-title":"Am J Vet Res","first-page":"795","article-title":"Cytologic characterization of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid collected through an endotracheal tube in cats","volume":"55","author":"Hawkins","year":"1994"},{"key":"ref23","series-title":"Vet J","first-page":"225","article-title":"Influence of age on bronchoscopic findings in healthy Beagle 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Pract","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"869","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2009.05.001","article-title":"Airway evaluation and flexible endoscopic procedures in dogs and cats: laryngoscopy, transtracheal wash, tracheobronchoscopy, and bronchoalveolar lavage","volume":"39","author":"Creevy","year":"2009"},{"key":"ref5","series-title":"Bronchoalveolar lavage","first-page":"118","author":"Hawkins","year":"2004"},{"key":"ref6","series-title":"Am J Vet Res","first-page":"335","article-title":"Alveolar lavage in dogs","volume":"44","author":"Brown","year":"1983"},{"key":"ref7","series-title":"Am J Vet Res","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.2001.62.13","article-title":"Effect of repetitive bronchoalveolar lavage on cytologic findings in healthy dogs","volume":"62","author":"Rajam\u00e4ki","year":"2001"},{"key":"ref8","series-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1164\/arrd.1984.130.2.305","article-title":"Processing of lung lavage fluid causes variability in bronchoalveolar cell count","volume":"130","author":"Modelet-Dambrine","year":"1984"},{"key":"ref9","series-title":"Am J Vet Res","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"694","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.72.5.694","article-title":"Comparison of results for weight-adjusted and fixed-amount bronchoalveolar lavage techniques in healthy Beagles","volume":"72","author":"Melamies","year":"2011"},{"key":"ref10","series-title":"Eur Respir J","first-page":"561","article-title":"Technical recommendations and guidelines for bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL)","volume":"2","author":"Klech","year":"1989"},{"key":"ref11","series-title":"Bronchoalveolar lavage guidelines"},{"key":"ref12","series-title":"Bronchoalveolar lavage","first-page":"43","author":"Ward","year":"2001"},{"key":"ref13","series-title":"Transtracheal and bronchoalveolar washes","first-page":"256","author":"English","year":"2008"},{"key":"ref14","series-title":"Semin Respir Crit Care Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-991520","article-title":"Technical aspects of bronchoalveolar lavage: recommendations for a standard procedure","volume":"28","author":"Baughman","year":"2007"},{"key":"ref15","series-title":"Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2008.04.003","article-title":"Bronchoalveolar lavage: sampling technique and guidelines for cytologic preparation and interpretation","volume":"24","author":"Hoffman","year":"2008"},{"key":"ref16","series-title":"J Vet Intern Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.1995.tb03298.x","article-title":"Cytological analysis of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in the diagnosis of spontaneous respiratory tract disease in dogs: a retrospective study","volume":"9","author":"Hawkins","year":"1995"},{"key":"ref17","series-title":"Chest","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"856","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.88.6.856","article-title":"Effect of bronchial lavage volume on cellular and protein recovery","volume":"88","author":"Lam","year":"1985"},{"key":"ref18","series-title":"Drugs affecting the respiratory system","first-page":"229","author":"Boothe","year":"2004"},{"key":"ref19","series-title":"Can J Biochem Physiol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"911","DOI":"10.1139\/y59-099","article-title":"A rapid method of total lipid extraction and purification","volume":"37","author":"Bligh","year":"1959"},{"key":"ref20","series-title":"Vet Clin Pathol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"532","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-165X.2009.00160.x","article-title":"Differential cell counts in canine cytocentrifuged bronchoalveolar lavage fluid: a study on reliable enumeration of each cell type","volume":"38","author":"De Lorenzi","year":"2009"},{"key":"ref21","series-title":"Am J Vet Res","first-page":"282","article-title":"Differential cell analysis and phenotypic subtyping of lymphocytes in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from clinically normal dogs","volume":"56","author":"Vail","year":"1995"},{"key":"ref22","series-title":"Am J Vet Res","first-page":"795","article-title":"Cytologic characterization of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid collected through an endotracheal tube in cats","volume":"55","author":"Hawkins","year":"1994"},{"key":"ref23","series-title":"Vet J","first-page":"225","article-title":"Influence of age on bronchoscopic findings in healthy Beagle dogs","volume":"187","author":"Mercier","year":"2010"},{"key":"ref24","series-title":"Respir Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2005.06.002","article-title":"A new BAL fluid instillation and aspiration technique: a multicenter randomized study","volume":"100","author":"Rosell","year":"2006"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Veterinary 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