{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,13]],"date-time":"2026-06-13T14:16:29Z","timestamp":1781360189767,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["ajvr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Objective<\/jats:bold>\u2014To assess differences in sagittal plane joint kinematics and ground reaction forces between lean and obese adult dogs of similar sizes at 2 trotting velocities.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Animals<\/jats:bold>\u201416 adult dogs.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Procedures<\/jats:bold>\u2014Dogs with body condition score (BCS) of 8 or 9 (obese dogs; n = 8) and dogs with BCS of 4 or 5 (lean dogs; 8) on a 9-point scale were evaluated. Sagittal plane joint kinematic and ground reaction force data were obtained from dogs trotting at 1.8 and 2.5 m\/s with a 3-D motion capture system, a force platform, and 12 infrared markers placed on bony landmarks.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>\u2014Mean stride lengths for forelimbs and hind limbs at both velocities were shorter in obese than in lean dogs. Stance phase range of motion (ROM) was greater in obese dogs than in lean dogs for shoulder (28.2\u00b0 vs 20.6\u00b0), elbow (23.6\u00b0 vs 16.4\u00b0), hip (27.2\u00b0 vs 22.9\u00b0), and tarsal (38.9\u00b0 vs 27.9\u00b0) joints at both velocities. Swing phase ROM was greater in obese dogs than in lean dogs for elbow (61.2\u00b0 vs 53.7\u00b0) and hip (34.4\u00b0 vs 29.8\u00b0) joints. Increased velocity was associated with increased stance ROM in elbow joints and increased stance and swing ROM in hip joints of obese dogs. Obese dogs exerted greater peak vertical and horizontal ground reaction forces than did lean dogs. Body mass and peak vertical ground reaction force were significantly correlated.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions and Clinical Relevance<\/jats:bold>\u2014Greater ROM detected during the stance phase and greater ground reaction forces in the gait of obese dogs, compared with lean dogs, may cause greater compressive forces within joints and could influence the development of osteoarthritis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.74.5.757","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,29]],"date-time":"2013-04-29T14:14:37Z","timestamp":1367244877000},"page":"757-762","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Evaluation of gait-related variables in lean and obese dogs at a trot"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"74","author":[{"given":"Robert B.","family":"Brady","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexis 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