{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]],"date-time":"2026-05-08T02:14:35Z","timestamp":1778206475183,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"7","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["ajvr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Objective<\/jats:bold>\u2014To evaluate the effectiveness of a topically applied gel containing essential oils (menthol and thymol) and polyphenolic antioxidants (phloretin and ferulic acid) for reducing halitosis in dogs.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Animals<\/jats:bold>\u201420 dogs.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Procedures<\/jats:bold>\u2014A blinded crossover clinical trial was conducted. Dogs received a dental cleaning and examination (periodontal examination including periodontal probing and assessments of plaque, calculus, and gingivitis). Owners then applied a gel (active or placebo) to oral soft tissues twice daily for a 4-week period. Teeth of the dogs were cleaned again, and owners applied the other gel for a 4-week period. Clinicians scored halitosis immediately after the initial cleaning and at 4 and 8 weeks, and owners scored halitosis weekly.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>\u2014Halitosis assessment by clinicians revealed that both groups had improvement in halitosis scores. Two dogs were removed because of owner noncompliance. In the active-to-placebo group (n = 9), halitosis was significantly reduced during application of the active gel but increased during application of the placebo. Seven of 9 owners reported increased halitosis when treatment was changed from the active gel to the placebo. In the placebo-to-active group (n = 9), halitosis decreased during application of the placebo and continued to decrease during application of the active gel. Seven of 9 owners reported a decrease in halitosis with the active gel.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions and Clinical Relevance<\/jats:bold>\u2014An oral topically applied gel with essential oils and polyphenolic antioxidants applied daily after an initial professional dental cleaning decreased oral malodor in dogs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.75.7.653","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,24]],"date-time":"2014-06-24T13:45:32Z","timestamp":1403617532000},"page":"653-657","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Evaluation of a topical gel containing a novel combination of essential oils and antioxidants for reducing oral malodor in dogs"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"75","author":[{"given":"Samuel B.","family":"Low","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R. Michael","family":"Peak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christopher W.","family":"Smithson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jeanne","family":"Perrone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bert","family":"Gaddis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elias","family":"Kontogiorgos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"key":"ref1","series-title":"Vet Med Czech","first-page":"496","article-title":"Prevalence of dental disorders in pet dogs","volume":"50","author":"Kyllar","year":"2005"},{"key":"ref2","series-title":"J Periodontal 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Nutr","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2715S","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/128.12.2715S","article-title":"Halitosis in dogs and the effect of periodontal therapy","volume":"128","author":"Rawlings","year":"1998"},{"issue":"suppl 3","key":"ref10","series-title":"J Evid Based Dent Pract","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/S1532-3382(12)70017-9","article-title":"Essential oil mouthwash (EOMW) may be equivalent to chlorhexidine (CHX) for long-term control of gingival inflammation but CHX appears to perform better than EOMW in plaque control","volume":"12","author":"Neely","year":"2012"},{"key":"ref11","series-title":"Arch Oral Biol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archoralbio.2011.11.017","article-title":"Green tea: a promising natural product in oral health","volume":"57","author":"Narotzki","year":"2012"},{"key":"ref12","series-title":"J Clin 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air","volume":"54","author":"Lodhia","year":"2008"},{"key":"ref16","series-title":"Arch Oral Biol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1657","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archoralbio.2012.04.021","article-title":"Bioactive polyphenol antioxidants protect oral fibroblasts from ROS-inducing agents","volume":"57","author":"San Miguel","year":"2012"},{"key":"ref17","series-title":"PLoS ONE [serial online]","first-page":"e63062","article-title":"The oxidant-scavenging abilities in the oral cavity may be regulated by a collaboration among antioxidants in saliva, microorganisms, blood cells and polyphenols: a chemiluminescence-based study","volume":"8","author":"Ginsburg","year":"2013"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Veterinary 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