{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T02:20:13Z","timestamp":1791253213374,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["ajvr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:bold> To characterize the expression of monocarboxylate transporters (MCTs) 1 and 4 and the ancillary protein CD147 in the intestinal tract of healthy equids and determine the cellular location of CD147 in the intestinal epithelium.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>ANIMALS<\/jats:bold> 12 healthy horses and ponies slaughtered for meat production or euthanized for reasons unrelated to gastrointestinal tract disease.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>PROCEDURES<\/jats:bold> The entire gastrointestinal tract was removed from each equid within 45 minutes after slaughter or euthanasia. Tissue samples were obtained from the antimesenteric side of the duodenum, jejunum, ileum, middle part of the cecum, sternal flexure of the ventral colon, pelvic flexure, sternal flexure of the dorsal colon, and descending colon (small colon). Expressions of MCT1, MCT4, and the ancillary protein CD147 were examined in tissue samples from each of the 8 intestinal locations by means of quantitative PCR assay, immunoblotting, and immunohistochemical analyses.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>RESULTS<\/jats:bold> Expression of MCT1 was most abundant in the cecum and colonic sites, whereas expression of MCT4 was predominantly in the proximal section of the intestine (small intestinal sites and cecum). Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that MCT1 and CD147 were present in the membranes of enterocytes (in crypts and villi).<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE<\/jats:bold> The anatomic distribution of MCT1 and MCT4 in the equine intestinal tract determined in this study together with the previous knowledge of the sites of substrate absorption indicated that MCT1 might predominantly contribute to the uptake of short-chain fatty acids in the large intestine and MCT4 might predominantly contribute to the uptake of lactate in the small intestine.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.76.2.161","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,28]],"date-time":"2015-01-28T19:03:18Z","timestamp":1422471798000},"page":"161-169","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Expression of monocarboxylate transporters I and IV and the ancillary protein CD147 in the intestinal tract of healthy horses and ponies"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"76","author":[{"given":"Anna K.","family":"Mykk\u00e4nen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mikael","family":"Niku","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mika","family":"Ilves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ninna M.","family":"Koho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"key":"ref1","series-title":"Physiol Rev","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.1990.70.2.567","article-title":"Energy contributions of volatile fatty acids from the gastrointestinal tract in various species","volume":"70","author":"Bergman","year":"1990"},{"key":"ref2","series-title":"Am J Physiol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1043","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplegacy.1974.226.5.1043","article-title":"Sites of organic acid production and absorption in the equine gastrointestinal tract","volume":"226","author":"Argenzio","year":"1974"},{"key":"ref3","series-title":"Gut","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S35","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.35.1_Suppl.S35","article-title":"Effects of short chain fatty acids on gut morphology and function","volume":"35","author":"Scheppach","year":"1994"},{"key":"ref4","series-title":"Am J Physiol","first-page":"G776","article-title":"Transport of propionate by human ileal brush-border membrane vesicles","volume":"260","author":"Harig","year":"1991"},{"key":"ref5","series-title":"AAPS J","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1208\/s12248-008-9022-y","article-title":"Sodium-coupled monocarboxylate transporters in normal tissues and in cancer","volume":"10","author":"Ganapathy","year":"2008"},{"key":"ref6","series-title":"Pflugers Arch","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1007\/s00424-003-1067-2","article-title":"The SLC16 gene family-from monocarboxylate transporters (MCTs) to aromatic amino acid transporters and beyond","volume":"447","author":"Halestrap","year":"2004"},{"issue":"34","key":"ref7","series-title":"Equine Vet J Suppl","first-page":"555","article-title":"Lactate transport in red blood cells by monocarboxylate transporters","author":"Koho","year":"2002"},{"issue":"36","key":"ref8","series-title":"Equine Vet J Suppl","first-page":"354","article-title":"Monocarboxylate transporters (MCT) as lactate carriers in equine muscle and red blood cells","author":"Koho","year":"2006"},{"key":"ref9","series-title":"Comp Exer Physiol","first-page":"171","article-title":"Effects of high-intensity training on monocarboxylate transporters in Thoroughbred horses","volume":"6","author":"Kitaoka","year":"2010"},{"key":"ref10","series-title":"Am J Physiol Cell Physiol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"C846","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.00112.2005","article-title":"Expression and membrane localization of MCT isoforms along the length of the human intestine","volume":"289","author":"Gill","year":"2005"},{"key":"ref11","series-title":"Res Vet Sci","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2004.11.007","article-title":"Expression and distribution of monocarboxylate transporter 1 (MCT1) in the gastrointestinal tract of calves","volume":"79","author":"Kirat","year":"2005"},{"key":"ref12","series-title":"Gene","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gene.2006.12.020","article-title":"Expression, cellular localization, and functional role of monocarboxylate transporter 4 (MCT4) in the gastrointestinal tract of ruminants","volume":"391","author":"Kirat","year":"2007"},{"key":"ref13","series-title":"Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbpb.2005.03.003","article-title":"Expression of MCT1, MCT2 and MCT4 in the rumen, small intestine and liver of reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus L)","volume":"141","author":"Koho","year":"2005"},{"key":"ref14","series-title":"Res Vet Sci","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2010.06.002","article-title":"Effects of age and concentrate feeding on the expression of MCT 1 and CD147 in the gastrointestinal tract of goats and Hereford finishing beef bulls","volume":"90","author":"Koho","year":"2011"},{"key":"ref15","series-title":"Biomed Res","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.2220\/biomedres.27.243","article-title":"Cellular expression of monocarboxylate transporters (MCT) in the digestive tract of the mouse, rat, and humans, with special reference to slc5a8","volume":"27","author":"Iwanaga","year":"2006"},{"key":"ref16","series-title":"Vet J","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2006.05.015","article-title":"Expression of CD147 and monocarboxylate transporters MCT1, MCT2 and MCT4 in porcine small intestine and colon","volume":"174","author":"Sepponen","year":"2007"},{"key":"ref17","series-title":"J Vet Med Sci","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1292\/jvms.69.599","article-title":"Expression of monocarboxylate transporter 1 (MCT1) in the dog intestine","volume":"69","author":"Shimoyama","year":"2007"},{"key":"ref18","series-title":"J Pharm Pharmacol","first-page":"1113","article-title":"Immunohistochemical and functional characterization of pH-dependent intestinal absorption of weak organic acids by the monocarboxylic acid transporter MCT1","volume":"51","author":"Tamai","year":"1999"},{"key":"ref19","series-title":"Biomed Res","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.2220\/biomedres.31.239","article-title":"The cellular expression of SMCT2 and its comparison with other transporters for monocarboxylates in the mouse digestive tract","volume":"31","author":"Teramae","year":"2010"},{"key":"ref20","series-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-2736(95)00254-5","article-title":"Cloning and sequencing of the monocarboxylate transporter from mouse Ehrlich Lettre tumour cell confirms its identity as MCT1 and demonstrates that glycosylation is not required for MCT1 function","volume":"1279","author":"Carpenter","year":"1996"},{"key":"ref21","series-title":"EMBO J","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3896","DOI":"10.1093\/emboj\/19.15.3896","article-title":"CD147 is tightly associated with lactate transporters MCT1 and MCT4 and facilitates their cell surface expression","volume":"19","author":"Kirk","year":"2000"},{"key":"ref22","series-title":"J Biol Chem","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3666","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M109658200","article-title":"Fluorescence resonance energy transfer studies on the interaction between the lactate transporter MCT1 and CD147 provide information on the topology and stoichiometry of the complex in situ","volume":"277","author":"Wilson","year":"2002"},{"key":"ref23","series-title":"Cancer Res","first-page":"434","article-title":"The human tumor cell-derived collagenase stimulatory factor (renamed EMMPRIN) is a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily","volume":"55","author":"Biswas","year":"1995"},{"key":"ref24","series-title":"J Physiol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2006.115931","article-title":"Monocarboxylate transporter 1 (MCT1) plays a direct role in short-chain fatty acids absorption in caprine rumen","volume":"576","author":"Kirat","year":"2006"},{"key":"ref25","series-title":"J Physiol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2001.014241","article-title":"Substrate-induced regulation of the human colonic monocarboxylate transporter, MCT1","volume":"539","author":"Cuff","year":"2002"},{"key":"ref26","series-title":"Br J Nutr","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"989","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114511003825","article-title":"Alterations in microbiota and fermentation products in equine large intestine in response to dietary variation and intestinal disease","volume":"107","author":"Daly","year":"2012"},{"key":"ref27","series-title":"Res Vet Sci","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2010.03.026","article-title":"Immunohistochemical analysis of MCT1 and CD147 in equine skeletal muscle fibres","volume":"89","author":"Mykk\u00e4nen","year":"2010"},{"key":"ref28","series-title":"Gene","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gene.2011.08.030","article-title":"Sequence variations and two levels of MCT1 and CD147 expression in red blood cells and gluteus muscle of horses","volume":"491","author":"Koho","year":"2012"},{"key":"ref29","series-title":"J Biol Chem","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13293","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.C400059200","article-title":"Functional identification of SLC5A8, a tumor suppressor down-regulated in colon cancer, as a Na(+)-coupled transporter for short-chain fatty acids","volume":"279","author":"Miyauchi","year":"2004"},{"key":"ref30","series-title":"Am J Vet Res","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1107","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.72.8.1107","article-title":"Effect of growth on monocarboxylate transporters and indicators of energy metabolism in the gluteus medius muscle of Thoroughbreds","volume":"72","author":"Kitaoka","year":"2011"},{"key":"ref31","series-title":"Int Rev Cytol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1016\/S0074-7696(08)61622-8","article-title":"Mammalian skeletal muscle fiber type transitions","volume":"170","author":"Pette","year":"1997"},{"key":"ref32","series-title":"J Biol Chem","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1843","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.270.4.1843","article-title":"cDNA cloning of MCT2, a second monocarboxylate transporter expressed in different cells than MCT1","volume":"270","author":"Garcia","year":"1995"},{"key":"ref33","series-title":"J Physiol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7793.1998.719ba.x","article-title":"Identification and characterization of a monocarboxylate transporter (MCT1) in pig and human colon: its potential to transport l-lactate as well as butyrate","volume":"513","author":"Ritzhaupt","year":"1998"},{"key":"ref34","series-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5030","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.66.11.5030-5034.2000","article-title":"Colonization of the stratified squamous epithelium of the nonsecreting area of horse stomach by lactobacilli","volume":"66","author":"Yuki","year":"2000"},{"key":"ref35","series-title":"FEMS Microbiol Lett","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/j.femsle.2005.05.023","article-title":"The genetic diversity of lactic acid producing bacteria in the equine gastrointestinal tract","volume":"248","author":"Al Jassim","year":"2005"},{"key":"ref36","series-title":"Exp Physiol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1113\/expphysiol.2010.055483","article-title":"Effect of training and detraining on monocarboxylate transporter (MCT) 1 and MCT4 in Thoroughbred horses","volume":"96","author":"Kitaoka","year":"2011"},{"key":"ref37","series-title":"Biochem J","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1042\/bj3500219","article-title":"The low-affinity monocarboxylate transporter MCT4 is adapted to the export of lactate in highly glycolytic cells","volume":"350","author":"Dimmer","year":"2000"},{"key":"ref38","series-title":"Biochem J","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1042\/bj3330167","article-title":"Characterization of the monocarboxylate transporter 1 expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes by changes in cytosolic pH","volume":"333","author":"Br\u00f6er","year":"1998"},{"key":"ref39","series-title":"J Anim Sci","first-page":"2600","article-title":"Effect of a preparation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae on microbial profiles and fermentation patterns in the large intestine of horses fed a high fiber or a high starch diet","volume":"80","author":"Medina","year":"2002"},{"key":"ref40","series-title":"Eur J Appl Physiol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1007\/s004210100516","article-title":"The expression of lactate transporters (MCT1 and MCT4) in heart and muscle","volume":"86","author":"Bonen","year":"2001"},{"key":"ref41","series-title":"Cancer Res","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11323","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-06-1536","article-title":"A small interfering CD147-targeting RNA inhibited the proliferation, invasiveness, and metastatic activity of malignant melanoma","volume":"66","author":"Chen","year":"2006"},{"key":"ref42","series-title":"Cancer Lett","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2006.07.005","article-title":"Inhibition of CD147 gene expression via RNA interference reduces tumor cell invasion, tumorigenicity and increases chemosensitivity to paclitaxel in HO-8910pm cells","volume":"248","author":"Zou","year":"2007"},{"key":"ref43","series-title":"J Cell Mol Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1415","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1582-4934.2010.01124.x","article-title":"Promoter hypomethylation upregulates CD147 expression through increasing Sp1 binding and associates with poor prognosis in human hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"15","author":"Kong","year":"2011"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Veterinary Research"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/view\/journals\/ajvr\/76\/2\/ajvr.76.2.161.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/ajvr\/76\/2\/ajvr.76.2.161.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/ajvr\/76\/2\/ajvr.76.2.161.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,7]],"date-time":"2025-03-07T12:35:58Z","timestamp":1741350958000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/view\/journals\/ajvr\/76\/2\/ajvr.76.2.161.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,2]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2460\/ajvr.76.2.161","relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-9645"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0002-9645","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,2]]}}}