{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]],"date-time":"2026-03-24T01:05:42Z","timestamp":1774314342331,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["ajvr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:bold> To evaluate whether anti-inflammatory doses of cyclosporine activate <jats:italic>Toxoplasma gondii<\/jats:italic> in chronically infected cats or potentiate infection in cats exposed for the first time.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>ANIMALS<\/jats:bold> 30 <jats:italic>T gondii<\/jats:italic>\u2013negative cats.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>PROCEDURES<\/jats:bold> Cats were assigned to 1 of 3 groups (10 cats\/group). Group 1 (control) cats were administered a placebo for 126 days; group 2 cats were administered a placebo for 84 days, followed by cyclosporine at 7.5 mg\/kg\/d, PO, for 42 days; and group 3 cats were administered cyclosporine at 7.5 mg\/kg\/d, PO, for 126 days. Cats were orally inoculated with <jats:italic>T gondii<\/jats:italic> on day 42. Results for fecal flotations, PCR assays, and histologic examinations and IgM and IgG titers were analyzed. Cyclosporine concentrations were measured on selected days.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>RESULTS<\/jats:bold> All cats were infected by <jats:italic>T gondii<\/jats:italic> and developed signs of self-limiting gastrointestinal tract infection. Group 3 had the highest incidence and severity of CNS and pulmonary histopathologic findings typical of toxoplasmosis. One cat in group 3 died of systemic toxoplasmosis; that cat had a cyclosporine concentration of 1,690 ng\/mL. Group 2 cats infected with <jats:italic>T gondii<\/jats:italic> before cyclosporine administration did not have repeated oocyst shedding. Group 3 cats shed fewer oocysts for a shorter time than did control cats of group 1.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE<\/jats:bold> Oral administration of cyclosporine in accordance with the protocol for this study did not potentiate the enteroepithelial phase of <jats:italic>T gondii<\/jats:italic> infection. Cats with high cyclosporine blood concentrations at the time of primary <jats:italic>T gondii<\/jats:italic> infection may be at risk of developing systemic toxoplasmosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.76.4.351","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,27]],"date-time":"2015-03-27T21:19:47Z","timestamp":1427491187000},"page":"351-357","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Effect of oral administration of cyclosporine on Toxoplasma gondii infection status of cats"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"76","author":[{"given":"Michael R.","family":"Lappin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Karen A.","family":"VanLare","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wolfgang","family":"Seewald","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Linda M.","family":"Roycroft","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrea V.","family":"Scorza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stephen","family":"King","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth S.","family":"Roberts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"key":"ref1","series-title":"Vet Immunol Immunopathol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-2427(86)90095-4","article-title":"Effects of cyclosporin A administration in cats","volume":"11","author":"Latimer","year":"1986"},{"key":"ref2","series-title":"Am J Vet Res","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"906","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.2000.61.906","article-title":"Comparison of the in vitro antiproliferative effects of five immunosuppressive drugs on lymphocytes in whole blood from cats","volume":"61","author":"Kyles","year":"2000"},{"key":"ref3","series-title":"J Vet Pharmacol Ther","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2885.2003.00496.x","article-title":"Disposition of cyclosporine after intravenous and multi-dose oral administration in cats","volume":"26","author":"Mehl","year":"2003"},{"key":"ref4","series-title":"Clin Tech Small Anim Pract","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1053\/svms.2000.7303","article-title":"Renal transplantation in cats","volume":"15","author":"Bernsteen","year":"2000"},{"key":"ref5","series-title":"Vet Dermatol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3164.2003.00317.x","article-title":"Cyclosporin: applications in small animal dermatology","volume":"14","author":"Robson","year":"2003"},{"key":"ref6","series-title":"Vet Dermatol","first-page":"226","article-title":"Diagnosing and treating feline atopy","volume":"97","author":"Foster","year":"2002"},{"key":"ref7","series-title":"Vet Dermatol","first-page":"201","article-title":"Cornegliani, Raviri G. 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