{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T21:34:37Z","timestamp":1790112877083,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"10","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["ajvr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:bold> To determine the effects of topical ocular application of 1% trifluridine ophthalmic solution in dogs with experimentally induced recurrent ocular canine herpesvirus-1 (CHV-1) infection.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>ANIMALS<\/jats:bold> 10 specific pathogen\u2013free Beagles.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>PROCEDURES<\/jats:bold> 12 months prior to the beginning of the randomized, masked, placebo-controlled 30-day trial, latent ocular CHV-1 infection was experimentally induced in each dog by topical ocular inoculation of both eyes with a field strain of CHV-1. Recurrent ocular CHV-1 infection was induced by oral administration of prednisolone for 7 days (starting day 1). Starting on the fourth day of prednisolone administration, each dog received 1% trifluridine solution or artificial tears (placebo) topically in both eyes 6 times daily for 2 days and then 4 times daily for 12 days. Ophthalmic examinations were performed every 2 days, and ocular disease scores were calculated. Ocular samples for CHV-1 PCR assays and blood samples for clinicopathologic analyses and assessment of CHV-1 serum neutralization antibody titers were collected at predetermined intervals.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>RESULTS<\/jats:bold> Conjunctivitis was clinically detected in all dogs by day 4. Compared with dogs receiving placebo, mean and total clinical ocular disease scores were significantly lower and median CHV-1 shedding duration was significantly shorter for the trifluridine-treated dogs. Both groups had increasing CHV-1 serum neutralization antibody titers over time, but no significant differences between groups were detected. Clinicopathologic findings were unremarkable throughout the study.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE<\/jats:bold> Topical ocular application of 1% trifluridine ophthalmic solution was well tolerated and effective at reducing disease scores and viral shedding duration in dogs with experimentally induced ocular CHV-1 infection, but may require frequent administration.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.77.10.1140","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,26]],"date-time":"2016-09-26T15:38:42Z","timestamp":1474904322000},"page":"1140-1147","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Effects of topical ocular application of 1% trifluridine ophthalmic solution in dogs with experimentally induced recurrent ocular canine herpesvirus-1 infection"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"77","author":[{"given":"Chloe B.","family":"Spertus","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hussni O.","family":"Mohammed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric C.","family":"Ledbetter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"key":"ref1","series-title":"J Gen Virol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1099\/0022-1317-77-1-37","article-title":"Gene organization in the UL region and inverted repeats of the canine herpesvirus genome","volume":"77","author":"R\u00e9mond","year":"1996"},{"key":"ref2","series-title":"Am J Vet Res","first-page":"803","article-title":"Clinical and pathologic features of a fatal viral disease of newborn pups","volume":"26","author":"Carmichael","year":"1965"},{"key":"ref3","series-title":"Invest Ophthalmol","first-page":"267","article-title":"Canine herpes-induced retinal dysplasia and associated ocular anomalies","volume":"15","author":"Albert","year":"1976"},{"key":"ref4","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.229.3.376","article-title":"Corneal ulceration associated with naturally occurring canine herpesvirus-1 infection in two adult dogs","volume":"229","author":"Ledbetter","year":"2006"},{"key":"ref5","series-title":"J Feline Med Surg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1053\/jfms.2001.0110","article-title":"Ocular manifestations of feline herpesvirus","volume":"3","author":"Andrew","year":"2001"},{"key":"ref6","series-title":"Cornea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1097\/00003226-199903000-00002","article-title":"Classification of herpes simplex virus keratitis","volume":"18","author":"Holland","year":"1999"},{"key":"ref7","series-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci","first-page":"1758","article-title":"Experimental ocular herpesvirus infection in the cat. 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