{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]],"date-time":"2026-02-10T19:53:41Z","timestamp":1770753221903,"version":"3.50.0"},"reference-count":7,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"11","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["ajvr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:bold> To identify and evaluate 3 types of angiographic catheters for retrograde urinary bladder catheterization in healthy male goats.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>ANIMALS<\/jats:bold> 12 sexually intact yearling Alpine-cross bucks.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>PROCEDURES<\/jats:bold> Three 5F angiographic catheters of the same length (100 cm) and diameter (0.17 cm) but differing in curvature at the tip were labeled A (straight tip), B (tip bent in 1 place), and C (tip bent in 2 places). During a single anesthetic episode, attempts were made to blindly pass each catheter into the urinary bladder of each goat. Order of catheters used was randomized, and the veterinarian passing the catheter was blinded as to catheter identity. The total number of attempts at catheter passage and the total number of successful attempts were recorded.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>RESULTS<\/jats:bold> Catheter A was unsuccessfully passed in all 12 goats, catheter B was successfully passed in 8 goats, and catheter C was successfully passed in 4 goats. The success rate for catheter B was significantly greater than that for catheter A; however, no significant difference was identified between catheters B and C or catheters A and C.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE<\/jats:bold> 2 angiographic catheters were identified that could be successfully, blindly advanced in a retrograde direction into the urinary bladder of healthy sexually intact male goats. Such catheters may be useful for determining urethral patency, emptying the urinary bladder, and instilling chemolysing agents in goats with clinical obstructive urolithiasis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.77.11.1295","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,2]],"date-time":"2016-11-02T12:44:17Z","timestamp":1478090657000},"page":"1295-1299","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Retrograde catheterization of the urinary bladder in healthy male goats by use of angiographic catheters"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"77","author":[{"given":"Emily J.","family":"Reppert","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robert N.","family":"Streeter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Katharine M.","family":"Simpson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jared D.","family":"Taylor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"key":"ref1","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"1584","article-title":"An anatomic barrier to urethral catheterization in the male goat","volume":"173","author":"Hinkle","year":"1978"},{"key":"ref2","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"689","article-title":"Urethral recess in male goats, sheep, cattle, and swine","volume":"191","author":"Garrett","year":"1987"},{"key":"ref3","series-title":"Vet Q","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1080\/01652176.1987.9694079","article-title":"Urolithiasis in small ruminants","volume":"9","author":"van Weeren","year":"1987"},{"key":"ref4","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.234.2.249","article-title":"Use of Walpole's solution for treatment of goats with urolithiasis: 25 cases (2001\u20132006)","volume":"234","author":"Janke","year":"2009"},{"key":"ref5","series-title":"Vet Clin North Am Food Anim Pract","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvfa.2008.06.003","article-title":"Surgery of obstructive urolithiasis in ruminants","volume":"24","author":"Ewoldt","year":"2008"},{"key":"ref6","series-title":"Compend Contin Educ Pract Vet","first-page":"317","article-title":"Obstructive urolithiasis in ruminants: medical treatment and urethral surgery","volume":"18","author":"Van Metre","year":"1996"},{"key":"ref7","series-title":"Bulg J Vet Med","first-page":"29","article-title":"Effects of castration on penile and urethral development in Awassi lambs","volume":"10","author":"Bani Ismail","year":"2007"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Veterinary Research"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/view\/journals\/ajvr\/77\/11\/ajvr.77.11.1295.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/ajvr\/77\/11\/ajvr.77.11.1295.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/ajvr\/77\/11\/ajvr.77.11.1295.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,7]],"date-time":"2025-03-07T12:38:26Z","timestamp":1741351106000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/view\/journals\/ajvr\/77\/11\/ajvr.77.11.1295.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,11]]},"references-count":7,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2460\/ajvr.77.11.1295","relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-9645"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0002-9645","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,11]]}}}