{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]],"date-time":"2026-04-17T19:21:23Z","timestamp":1776453683259,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["ajvr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:bold> To compare clinical disease and lung lesions in calves experimentally inoculated with <jats:italic>Histophilus somni<\/jats:italic> 5 days after metaphylactic administration of tildipirosin or tulathromycin.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>ANIMALS<\/jats:bold> Twenty-four 3-month-old Holstein and Holstein-crossbreed steers.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>PROCEDURES<\/jats:bold> Calves were randomly allocated to 3 groups of 8 calves. On day 0, calves in group 1 received tildipirosin (4 mg\/kg, SC), calves in group 2 received tulathromycin (2.5 mg\/kg, SC), and calves in group 3 received isotonic saline (0.9% NaCl) solution (1 mL\/45 kg, SC; control). On day 5, calves were inoculated with 10 mL of a solution containing <jats:italic>H somni<\/jats:italic> strain 7735 (1.6 \u00d7 10<jats:sup>9<\/jats:sup> CFUs\/mL, intrabronchially; challenge). Calves were clinically evaluated on days 5 through 8 and euthanized on day 8. The lungs were grossly evaluated for evidence of pneumonia, and bronchial secretion samples underwent bacteriologic culture.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>RESULTS<\/jats:bold> The mean clinical score for each group was significantly increased 12 hours after challenge, compared with that immediately before challenge, and was significantly lower for tildipirosin-treated calves on days 6, 7, and 8, compared with those for tulathromycin-treated and control calves. The mean percentage of lung consolidation for tildipirosin-treated calves was significantly lower than those for tulathromycin-treated and control calves. <jats:italic>Histophilus somni<\/jats:italic> was isolated from the bronchial secretions of some tulathromycin-treated and control calves but was not isolated from tildipirosin-treated calves.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE<\/jats:bold> Results indicated that metaphylactic administration of tildipirosin to calves 5 days prior to <jats:italic>H somni<\/jats:italic> challenge prevented subsequent culture of the pathogen from bronchial secretions and was more effective in minimizing clinical disease and lung lesions than was metaphylactic administration of tulathromycin.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.77.4.358","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,30]],"date-time":"2016-03-30T23:09:24Z","timestamp":1459379364000},"page":"358-366","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Clinical disease and lung lesions in calves experimentally inoculated with Histophilus somni five days after metaphylactic administration of tildipirosin or tulathromycin"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"77","author":[{"given":"Anthony W.","family":"Confer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Timothy A.","family":"Snider","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jared D.","family":"Taylor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marie","family":"Montelongo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nicholas J.","family":"Sorensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"key":"ref1","series-title":"Anim Health Res Rev","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1017\/S1466252309990090","article-title":"Overview of the North American beef cattle industry and the incidence of bovine respiratory disease (BRD)","volume":"10","author":"Miles","year":"2009"},{"key":"ref2","series-title":"Anim Health Res Rev","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1017\/S1466252314000140","article-title":"The impact of BRD: the current dairy 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