{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]],"date-time":"2026-07-15T16:58:58Z","timestamp":1784134738892,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["ajvr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:bold> To determine the ultrasonographic appearance of the major duodenal papilla (MDP) in dogs without evidence of hepatobiliary, pancreatic, or gastrointestinal tract disease.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>ANIMALS<\/jats:bold> 40 adult client-owned dogs examined because of conditions that did not include hepatobiliary, pancreatic, or gastrointestinal tract disease.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>PROCEDURES<\/jats:bold> Ultrasonographic examination of the MDP was performed. Each MDP was measured in 3 planes. Intraobserver reliability of measurements was determined, and associations between MDP dimensions and characteristics of the dogs were investigated. Histologic examination of longitudinal sections of the MDP was performed for 1 dog to compare the ultrasonographic and histologic appearance.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>RESULTS<\/jats:bold> The MDP appeared as a layered structure with a hyperechoic outer layer, hypoechoic middle layer, and hyperechoic inner layer that corresponded to the duodenal serosa, duodenal muscularis, and duodenal submucosa, respectively. Layers visible during ultrasonographic examinations were consistent with layers identified histologically. Intraobserver reliability was substantial for each plane of measurement. Mean \u00b1 SD length, width, and height of the MDP were 15.2 \u00b1 3.5 mm, 6.3 \u00b1 1.6 mm, and 4.3 \u00b1 1.0 mm, respectively. An increase in body weight of dogs was significantly associated with increased values for all measurements.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE<\/jats:bold> The ultrasonographic appearance and approximate dimensions of the MDP of dogs without evidence of hepatobiliary, pancreatic, or gastrointestinal tract disease were determined. Additional studies are needed to evaluate possible ultrasonographic lesions of the MDP in dogs with hepatobiliary, pancreatic, or intestinal diseases and to investigate clinical implications of these lesions with regard to diagnosis and prognosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.77.6.597","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,26]],"date-time":"2016-05-26T16:43:16Z","timestamp":1464280996000},"page":"597-603","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Ultrasonographic appearance of the major duodenal papilla in dogs without evidence of hepatobiliary, pancreatic, or gastrointestinal tract disease"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"77","author":[{"given":"Jeremy R.","family":"Mortier","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas W.","family":"Maddox","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gillian M.","family":"White","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard J.","family":"Blundell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Josep M.","family":"Monn\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susannah M.","family":"Lillis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"key":"ref1","series-title":"Miller's anatomy of the dog","first-page":"281","article-title":"The digestive apparatus and abdomen","author":"Evans","year":"1993"},{"key":"ref2","series-title":"Textbook of veterinary anatomy","first-page":"434","article-title":"The abdomen of the dog and cat","author":"Dyce","year":"2009"},{"key":"ref3","series-title":"Vet Radiol Ultrasound","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1740-8261.2008.00365.x","article-title":"Quantification of the effect of various patient and image factors on ultrasonographic detection of select canine abdominal organs","volume":"49","author":"Barberet","year":"2008"},{"key":"ref4","series-title":"Vet Radiol Ultrasound","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1740-8261.2007.00275.x","article-title":"Ultrasonographic features of extrahepatic biliary obstruction in 30 cats","volume":"48","author":"Gaillot","year":"2007"},{"key":"ref5","series-title":"Surg Oncol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1016\/j.suronc.2012.07.005","article-title":"Imaging tumours of the ampulla of Vater","volume":"21","author":"Zbar","year":"2012"},{"key":"ref6","series-title":"J Am Coll Surg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamcollsurg.2008.01.028","article-title":"Tumors of the ampulla of Vater: histopathologic classification and predictors of survival","volume":"207","author":"Carter","year":"2008"},{"key":"ref7","series-title":"BMC Surg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2482-2-1","article-title":"Is endosonography an effective method for detection and local staging of the ampullary carcinoma? 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