{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,8]],"date-time":"2025-03-08T05:23:52Z","timestamp":1741411432226,"version":"3.38.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["ajvr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:bold> To determine effects of repeated use and resterilization on structural and functional integrity of microwave ablation (MWA) antennas.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>SAMPLE<\/jats:bold> 17 cooled-shaft MWA antennas (3 groups of 5 antennas\/group and 2 control antennas).<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>PROCEDURES<\/jats:bold> 1, 2, and 3 ablations in the livers of bovine cadavers were performed at the maximum recommended settings. Antennas were cleaned and sterilized in hydrogen peroxide plasma, and the process was repeated (reprocessing cycle; n = 6). Control antennas were only sterilized (6 times). Aerobic and anaerobic bacterial cultures were performed, and antennas were microscopically assessed for damage.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>RESULTS<\/jats:bold> 6 cycles were completed. Thirteen of 15 MWA antennas remained functional for up to 4 cycles, 10 were functional after 5 cycles, and only 7 were functional after 6 cycles. Progressive tearing of the silicone coating of the antennas was observed, with a negative effect of the number of cycles for silicone tearing. Size of the ablation zone decreased mildly over time after cycles 5 and 6; however, this was not considered clinically relevant. No significant changes in the shape of ablation zones were detected. All cultures yielded negative results, except for an isolated case, which was considered a contaminant.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE<\/jats:bold> Structural and functional integrity of the microwave antennas remained acceptable during repeated use and reprocessing for up to 4 cycles. However, there was a decrease in functional integrity at cycles 5 and 6. We suggest that these microwave antennas be subjected to &gt; 3 reprocessing cycles. Antennas should be carefully examined before reuse.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.78.4.508","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,27]],"date-time":"2017-03-27T19:29:47Z","timestamp":1490642987000},"page":"508-516","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Effects of repeated use and resterilization on structural and functional integrity of microwave ablation antennas"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"78","author":[{"given":"Cyrielle A.","family":"Finck","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alex R.","family":"zur Linden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ameet","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robert A.","family":"Foster","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stephanie G.","family":"Nykamp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"William C.","family":"Sears","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"key":"ref1","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1602","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.2003.223.1602","article-title":"Percutaneous ultrasound-guided radiofrequency heat ablation for treatment of hyperthyroidism in cats","volume":"223","author":"Mallery","year":"2003"},{"key":"ref2","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1106","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.2001.218.1106","article-title":"Percutaneous ultrasonographically guided radiofrequency heat ablation for treatment of primary hyperparathyroidism in dogs","volume":"218","author":"Pollard","year":"2001"},{"key":"ref3","series-title":"J Am Anim Hosp 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