{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,8]],"date-time":"2025-11-08T13:04:11Z","timestamp":1762607051672,"version":"3.38.0"},"reference-count":8,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"9","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["ajvr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:bold> To determine accuracy for a technique of needle redirection at a single craniolateral site for injection of 3 compartments of the equine stifle joint, describe the external needle position, and identify the location of the needle tip within each joint compartment.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>SAMPLE<\/jats:bold> 24 equine cadaver stifle joints.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>PROCEDURES<\/jats:bold> Stifle joints were placed in a customized stand. After the needle was placed, external needle position was measured and recorded. Each joint compartment (medial and lateral compartments of the femorotibial joint and the femoropatellar joint) was injected with a solution containing iodinated contrast medium, water, and dye. Radiography, assessment of intra-articular location of the needle tip, and gross dissection were performed to determine success of entering each joint compartment. Student <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic> tests and an ANOVA were used to compare mean values.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>RESULTS<\/jats:bold> Overall accuracy was 19 of 24 (79.1%), and accuracy for individual joint compartments was at least 21 of 24 (87.5%). Mean depth of needle insertion to access each compartment of the stifle joint was 5.71 cm. Mean angle of insertion (relative to the long axis of the tibia) was 82.1\u00b0, 80.3\u00b0, and 18.5\u00b0 for the medial compartment of the femorotibial joint, lateral compartment of the femorotibial joint, and femoropatellar joint, respectively, and 28\u00b0 medial, 7.3\u00b0 lateral, and 1.3\u00b0 lateral for the medial compartment of the femorotibial joint, lateral compartment of the femorotibial joint, and femoropatellar joint, respectively.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE<\/jats:bold> Results supported that this was an accurate technique for successful injection of the 3 equine stifle joint compartments.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.78.9.1077","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,24]],"date-time":"2017-08-24T13:16:08Z","timestamp":1503580568000},"page":"1077-1084","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["A technique of needle redirection at a single craniolateral site for injection of three compartments of the equine stifle joint"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"78","author":[{"given":"Meredith R. A.","family":"Herdrich","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shelby E.","family":"Arrieta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Brad B.","family":"Nelson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David D.","family":"Frisbie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Valerie J.","family":"Moorman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"key":"ref1","series-title":"Adams and Stashak's lameness in horses","first-page":"173","article-title":"Perineural and intrasynovial anesthesia","author":"Baxter","year":"2011"},{"year":"2011","series-title":"Diagnosis and management of lameness in the horse","author":"Ross","key":"ref2"},{"key":"ref3","series-title":"Equine Vet J","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-3306.1991.tb02759.x","article-title":"Anatomical and functional communications between the synovial sacs of the equine stifle joint","volume":"23","author":"Reeves","year":"1991"},{"key":"ref4","series-title":"Am J Vet Res","first-page":"1431","article-title":"Communication between the femoropatellar and medial and lateral femorotibial joints in horses","volume":"53","author":"Vacek","year":"1992"},{"key":"ref5","series-title":"Am J Vet Res","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.75.1.19","article-title":"Effect of anesthetizing individual compartments of the stifle joint in horses with experimentally induced stifle joint lameness","volume":"75","author":"T\u00f3th","year":"2014"},{"key":"ref6","series-title":"Diagnosis and management of lameness in the horse","first-page":"100","article-title":"Diagnostic analgesia","author":"Bassage","year":"2011"},{"key":"ref7","series-title":"Equine Vet J","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"664","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-3306.2012.00551.x","article-title":"Comparison of four techniques of arthrocentesis of the lateral compartment of the femorotibial joint of the horse","volume":"44","author":"Schumacher","year":"2012"},{"key":"ref8","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"1177","article-title":"Comparison of the cranial and a new lateral approach to the femoropatellar joint for aspiration and injection in horses","volume":"205","author":"Hendrickson","year":"1994"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Veterinary Research"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/view\/journals\/ajvr\/78\/9\/ajvr.78.9.1077.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/ajvr\/78\/9\/ajvr.78.9.1077.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/ajvr\/78\/9\/ajvr.78.9.1077.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,7]],"date-time":"2025-03-07T12:40:59Z","timestamp":1741351259000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/view\/journals\/ajvr\/78\/9\/ajvr.78.9.1077.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,9]]},"references-count":8,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2460\/ajvr.78.9.1077","relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-9645"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0002-9645"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,9]]}}}