{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,7]],"date-time":"2026-03-07T10:55:47Z","timestamp":1772880947219,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"10","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["ajvr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:bold> To determine the influence of various neck positions on cervical vertebral radiographic measurements in horses.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>ANIMALS<\/jats:bold> 18 client-owned horses examined for lameness but free of cervical disease.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>PROCEDURES<\/jats:bold> Laterolateral radiographs of the cervical vertebrae from C1 through T1 were acquired for each horse in 3 neck positions (low, neutral, and high). Minimum sagittal diameter, intravertebral sagittal diameter (intra-VSD) ratio, inter-VSD ratio, length of the articular processes joint ratio, vertebral alignment angle, and vertebral fossa angle were measured at each segment in each neck position. Values for the high and low positions were compared with those for the neutral position.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>RESULTS<\/jats:bold> No significant differences from neutral position values were identified for minimum sagittal diameter, intra-VSD ratio, and vertebral fossa angle as measured in low and high neck positions. Compared with results in the neutral position, the high position resulted in a greater vertebral alignment angle at C3\u20134 and inter-VSD ratio at C4\u20135 and a lower length of the articular processes joint ratio at C2\u20133, C3\u20134, and C4\u20135; the low position resulted in a lower vertebral alignment angle at C4\u20135. However, all observed differences were small.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE<\/jats:bold> Neck position influenced some radiographic measurements of the cervical vertebrae in horses free of cervical disease. However, because several of these measurements were not or were only minimally affected by neck position, some latitude in neck position may be possible without concern about substantially affecting radiographic measurements in this region.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.79.10.1044","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,26]],"date-time":"2018-09-26T13:09:36Z","timestamp":1537967376000},"page":"1044-1049","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Influence of neck position on commonly performed radiographic measurements of the cervical vertebral region in horses"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"79","author":[{"given":"Francesca","family":"Beccati","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Isabella","family":"Santinelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Nannarone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Pepe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"key":"ref1","series-title":"Clinical radiology of the horse","first-page":"531","article-title":"The spine","author":"Butler","year":"2017"},{"key":"ref2","series-title":"Equine neurology","first-page":"349","article-title":"Cervical vertebral stenotic myelopathy","author":"Johnson","year":"2015"},{"key":"ref3","series-title":"Equine neurology","first-page":"386","article-title":"Cervical articular process disease, fractures, and other axial skeletal disorders","author":"Hepburn","year":"2015"},{"key":"ref4","series-title":"Equine Vet J","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"518","DOI":"10.2746\/042516409X391015","article-title":"A radiographic retrospective study of the caudal cervical articular process joints in the horse","volume":"41","author":"Down","year":"2009"},{"key":"ref5","series-title":"Vet Radiol Ultrasound","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1740-8261.2007.00308.x","article-title":"Assessment of the utility of using intra- and intervertebral minimum sagittal diameter ratios in the diagnosis of cervical vertebral malformation in horses","volume":"49","author":"Hahn","year":"2008"},{"key":"ref6","series-title":"Equine Vet J","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-3306.2010.00300.x","article-title":"Observer agreement study of cervical-vertebral ratios in horses","volume":"43","author":"Scrivani","year":"2011"},{"issue":"suppl 38","key":"ref7","series-title":"Equine Vet J Suppl","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-3306.2010.00226.x","article-title":"The effect of ex vivo flexion and extension on intervertebral foramina dimensions in the equine cervical spine","volume":"42","author":"Sleutjens","year":"2010"},{"key":"ref8","series-title":"Equine Vet J Suppl","first-page":"21","article-title":"Influence of head and neck position on radiographic measurement of intervertebral distances between thoracic dorsal processes in clinically sound horses","volume":"43","author":"Berner","year":"2012"},{"key":"ref9","series-title":"Pferdeheilkunde","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.21836\/PEM20120109","article-title":"The influence of head and neck position on radiographic examination of the intervertebral foramina of the neck of horses at latero-lateral projection","volume":"28","author":"Berner","year":"2012"},{"key":"ref10","series-title":"Pferdeheilkunde","first-page":"544","article-title":"Die r\u00f6ntgenologische Darstellung der caudalen Facettengelenke der Halswirbels\u00e4ule beim Warmblutferd","volume":"25","author":"Lautenschl\u00e4ger","year":"2009"},{"key":"ref11","series-title":"Pferdeheilkunde","first-page":"241","article-title":"Radiologische Messungen an der arthrotisch ver\u00e4nderten Halswirbels\u00e4ule des Pferdes \u2013 eine retrospektive, statistische Studie","volume":"22","author":"Hett","year":"2006"},{"key":"ref12","series-title":"Handbook of equine radiography","first-page":"9","article-title":"Radiation safety and patient preparation","author":"Weaver","year":"2010"},{"key":"ref13","series-title":"Physical therapy and massage for the horse","first-page":"19","article-title":"Basic anatomy and physiology","author":"Denoix","year":"2001"},{"key":"ref14","series-title":"Anatomia comparata dei mammiferi domestici","first-page":"53","article-title":"Articolazioni della colonna vertebrale","author":"Barone","year":"2004"},{"key":"ref15","series-title":"Equine Vet J Suppl","first-page":"436","article-title":"A pilot study on objective quantification and anatomical modelling of in vivo head and neck positions commonly applied in training and competition of sport horses","volume":"38","author":"Elgersma","year":"2010"},{"key":"ref16","series-title":"Equine Vet J Suppl","first-page":"688","article-title":"Dynamic mobilizations in cervical flexion: effects on intervertebral angulations","volume":"38","author":"Clayton","year":"2010"},{"key":"ref17","series-title":"Pferdeheilkunde","first-page":"553","article-title":"Accuracy of radiographic measurements of the cervical articular process joints of the horse","volume":"26","author":"Lischer","year":"2010"},{"key":"ref18","series-title":"J Vet Intern Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1860","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.12431","article-title":"Repeatability and intra- and inter-observer agreement of cervical vertebral sagittal diameter ratios in horses with neurological disease","volume":"28","author":"Hugles","year":"2014"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Veterinary 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